《DAMAGES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW VOLUME I》

CHAPTER Ⅰ.—BASES oF DAMAGES3

The settlement of claims3

Wrong committed by the respondent state6

Positive acts of agents6

Failure to afford protection23

Failure to investigate， prosecute， or punish for crimes committed against aliens38

Implied ratification or condonation by approval， pardon， or non-execution of a court order70

Injury to the claimant state: its public property； its public officials or agents； its honor or dignity； or its nationals80

The individual claimant94

Nationality94

Status133

Personal status133

Offiicial status136

Acts142

Provocation or illegality142

Exaggeration164

Waiver179

Estoppel187

Failure to act199

Failure to mitigate losses199

Negligence or carelessness216

Lapse of time222

The respondent state’s right to counter claim or set-off248

The state as the claimant275

Conclusion284

CHAPTER Ⅱ.—ARREST， DETENTION， IMPRISONMENT， OR EXPULSION287

Wrongful arrest， detention， and imprisonment287

Unrecoverable damages287

Recoverable damages307

Unwarranted arrest307

Unwarranted arrest and ill-treatment317

Warranted arrest but illegal procedure323

Warranted arrest but ill-treatment342

Personal injury350

Property loss358

Effect of claimant’s status or conduct365

Tabular analysis and conclusions383

Wrongful expulsion418

Unrecoverable damages419

Recoverable damages427

Failure to assign reason for expulsion427

CHAPTER Ⅱ.—ARREST， DETENTION， IMPRISONMENT， OR EXPULSION—COn.430

Wrongful expulsion—Continued.430

Recoverable damages—Continued.430

Expulsion contrary to constitution430

Expulsion contrary to local law or decree432

Expulsion contrary to treaty rights463

Personal injury483

Property loss491

Group deportation497

Tabular analysis and conclusions506

CHAPTER Ⅲ.—PERSONAL INJURY517

Absence of liability517

Bodily injuries519

Injuries to particular members of the body521

Disease559

Assault and battery562

Other injuries， physical and mental578

Indignity578

Nervous strain580

Shock585

Suffering588

Subsequent treatment590

Permanency of the injury591

Indemnification for pecuniary losses594

Division of lump sum600

Tabular analysis and conclusions627

CHAPTER Ⅳ.—DEATH CASES637

Preliminary considerations637

Methods of estimating the indemnity659

Evaluation of the worth of expected contributions659

Evaluation of the life lost704

Evaluation of the seriousness of the wrong716

Punitive or exemplary damages716

Degree of laxity of the state734

Allowance of an arbitrary amount736

Payment as “an act of grace”745

Other items of damage for which claim is frequently made777

Grief， shock， etc777

Uncertain losses781

Suffering of deceased prior to death786

Expenses788

Tabular analysis and conclusions792