《AFRICA AND THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA:A STUDY OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE AFRICAN STATES TO THE》求取 ⇩

Part Ⅰ INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL3

Chapter 1 The Impact of African States on International Law3

1.1 Emergent Africa: A General Survey3

1.2 Sovereignty and Independence5

1.3 The Attitudes of African States on International Law7

1.4 Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources13

1.5 The Law Relating to Succession of States18

1.6 Decolonization24

Notes29

Part Ⅱ AFRICA AND THE THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA36

Chapter 2 The Seabed Area Beyond the Limits of Nation-al Jurisdiction36

2.1 Prelude to Third UNCLOS Ⅲ36

2.1.1 Awakening of national and international interest in the seabed area36

2.1.2 The Maltese proposal39

2.1.3 The resources and limits of the seabed area43

2.2 The Evolving Legal Regime for the Seabed Area46

2.2.1 Legal vacuum or lacuna?46

2.2.2 The concept of the common heritage of mankind and the declaration of principles49

2.3 Some Aspects of the International Seabed Regime and Machinery57

2.3.1 Preliminary observations57

2.3.2 International management of the area and its re-sources59

2.3.2.1 The International Seabed Authority: issues and functions59

2.3.2.2 The organs and structure of the Authority64

2.3.2.3 The economic implications of seabed mining68

2.4 The Problems of African Land-locked States Relative to the Seabed Area74

2.5 The Quest for Peace and Development76

2.5.1 Demilitarization and denuclearization of the sea-bed76

Chapter 3 The Area within the Limits of National Jurisdic-tion86

3.1 Territorial Sea86

3.1.1 Nature and characteristics86

3.1.2 The regime of innocent passage88

3.1.3 The breadth and delimitation of the territorial sea90

3.2 The Regime of Straits97

3.3 The Continental Shelf102

3.3.1 Sovereign rights of coastal states over natural re-sources102

3.3.2 Delimitation of the continental shelf106

3.3.3 The legal status of the superjacent waters110

3.4 The Contiguous Zone112

3.4.1 Nature and characteristics112

3.4.2 Delimitation of the contiguous zone114

3.5 The Exclusive Economic Zone Concept116

3.5.1 Its evolution and nationalization116

3.5.2 Nature and characteristics123

3.5.3 Rights and duties of coastal states127

3.5.3.1 Expression of economic rights of coastal states127

3.5.3.2 Preservation and protection of the marine environment129

3.5.3.3 Scientific research134

3.5.4 Rights and duties of other states in the exclusive economic zone137

3.5.4.1 The freedoms of navigation and overflight137

3.5.4.2 The freedom of fishing140

3.6 The Problems and Interests of African Land-locked States142

3.6.1 A general survey142

3.6.2 The right of access to and from the sea145

3.6.3 Rights and duties of land-locked states over the resources of the exclusive economic zone147

3.7 The Breadth and Delimitation of the Exclusive Econom-ic Zone150

3.8 The Exclusive Economic Zones of Countries Under For-eign Domination152

3.8.1 Prohibition of the exploitation of the resources152

Notes154

Chapter 4 The Legal Regime of the High Seas and the Work of the Third Committee162

4.1 The Legal Regime of the High Seas162

4.1.1 An overview162

4.1.2 The freedoms of the high seas164

4.2 The Resources of the High Seas and Other Economic Activities168

4.2.1 The resources of the high seas168

4.2.2 Shipping and navigation172

4.3 The Preservation of the Marine Environment175

4.3.1 Marine pollution175

4.4 Marine Scientific Research and Transfer of Technology179

4.4.1 Marine scientific research179

4.4.2 Transfer of technology183

4.5 Regionalism, International Institutions and Co-opera-tion187

4.6 The Peaceful Uses of the High Seas189

4.7 Settlement of Disputes191

Notes195

Chapter 5 Conclusion199

5.1 Evaluation of African Participation and Contribution to UNCLOS Ⅲ199

5.2 Contributions Falling Outside the Traditional Law of the Sea202

5.2.1 The new international economic order202

5.2.2 Decolonization203

5.2.3 International law, relations and institutions203

5.2.4 General and complete global disarmament203

5.3 Contributions Falling under the Law of the Sea203

5.3.1 Regime of the territorial sea and straits204

5.3.2 The contiguous zone204

5.3.3 The continental shelf204

5.3.4 The Exclusive Economic Zone204

5.3.5 Scientific research and transfer of technology205

5.3.6 Marine pollution205

5.3.7 The land-locked states205

5.3.8 The seabed area205

5.3.9 The high seas206

5.4 Recommendations on the Implementation of UNCLOS Ⅲ Treaty206

Notes208

Appendices209

General index239

About the author251