《LAW OF THE SEA》

ⅠIntroduction3

1RECONCILING DOMESTIC PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONDavid D.Caron3

Evolution of Criticism within the United States5

Concerns of Principle—The Decisive Question8

ⅡRights， Interests， and International Equity13

2AN OPPORTUNITY LOSTArvid Pardo13

Accommodation of Interests15

Silence， Ambiguity， and Unpredictability16

Promotion of Community Objectives18

Equity 19 The Flawed Rendering of the Common Heritage Principle21

Conclusion24

3THE COSTS OF AMERICAN RIGIDITYLeigh S.Ratiner27

Divisions within the Reagan Administration28

The American Ideological Straitjacket33

Limits of the Mini-Treaty Option38

Possible Loss of American Influence40

4IDEOLOGY AND THE LAW OF THE SEAW.Scott Burke Frank S.Brokaw43

Background44

The NIEO and the Response of Western Financial Institutions46

The Law of the Sea Treaty47

The Negotiations47

Ideology and “Pragmatism”50

Controls， Certainty， and Incentives53

UNCLOS as a Precedent55

Conclusion： The Danger to Western Democracy56

5COMMON SENSE VS.“THE COMMON HERITAGE”Robert A.Goldwin59

“Law of the Sea” and “Law of the Seabed”60

l-Founded Hopes62

No Market for Seabed Minerals64

Irrelevance of the Production Provisions66

Doubts about Practical Purposes68

“Common Heritage” vs.Common Sense70

Reasonably Facing the Unforeseeable72

The True Meaning of “Common Heritage”73

ⅢPractical Differences： Seabed Mining79

6INCENTIVES FOR OCEAN MINING UNDER THE CONVENTIONLance N.Antrim James K.Sebenius79

Origins and Alternatives80

Economics of Seabed Mining83

Political and Legal Environment85

Evaluation95

Conclusions98

7INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON SEABED MININGLewis I.Cohen101

U.S.Mining Law103

Reciprocating States Agreement （RSA）104

Aftermath of RSA Negotiations105

Industry Arrangements107

Guarantees under the LOS Treaty： PIP108

Conclusion109

ⅣLaw of the Sea and the Future of International Order113

8POLITICAL LESSONS OF THE NEW LAW OF THE SEA REGIMEJoseph S.Nye， Jr.113

Increasing Complexity115

Unilateral and International Interests116

American Power and Regime Change119

International Regimes and National Objectives122

U.S.Preparation for Future Negotiations125

9THE TWO CONFERENCESBernard H.Oxman127

Different Desires for a New Convention128

Problems in the American Debate129

Property Rights and Confused Discourse130

Clarification of International Law133

Postwar Developments and the Need for New Law134

Geography and Political and Economic Interests137

Community Interest and Immediate Stakes139

Some Hypotheses140

The Future142

ⅤAppendix147

SUMMARY OF THE LAW OF THE SEA CONVENTIONBernard H.Oxman147

History of Negotiations148

The Legal Map of the Sea149

General Obligations under the Convention158

Conference Resolutions160

Reservation， Amendment， and Withdrawal160

NOTES165

CONTRIBUTORS173

INDEX177