《Table 6 Stratification analysis》

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《Intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy increases the incidence of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of rectal tumors》

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OR:Odds ratio；CI:Confidence interval；NOSE:Natural orifice specimen extraction.

Our investigation included 477 patients with an average age of 58.7±10.9 years.Of these patients，301（63.1%）were male and 176（36.9%）were female.A total of 171patients received intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy，including 8 treated with lobaplatin alone，157 treated with fluorouracil implants alone，and 6 treated with both.The remaining 306 patients did not receive intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Patient-related factors are presented in Table 1.Patient demographics，habits，comorbidities，preoperative therapy，nutritional status，and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade were comparable between the chemotherapy group and the control group.Surgery-related factors are presented in Table 2.Most patients received laparoscopic surgery in our study，including 167（97.7%）in the chemo-therapy group and 300（98.0%）in the control group（P=0.751）.Natural orifice specimen extraction（NOSE）surgery is a surgical method that emerged in the last decade in which resected specimens are obtained from the vagina or anus instead of an additional abdominal incision.More patients in the control group underwent the NOSE procedure（1.8%in the chemotherapy group vs 5.9%in the control group，P=0.035）.The placement of a transanal tube was more common in patients who did not receive intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy（43.9%in the chemotherapy group vs 55.6%in the control group，P=0.014）.Additionally，more patients from the control group received more than 2 stapler firings during the digestive reconstruction（14.6%in the chemotherapy group vs 25.2%in the control group，P=0.007）.No obvious differences were observed between the two groups for operation time，reinforcing suture，defunctioning stoma，blood loss，perioperative transfusion，or preservation of the left colic artery.Tumor-related variables are detailed in Table 3.All patients enrolled in our study presented with TNM stage II or III disease at the date of diagnosis prior to treatment.However，of the 97 patients who received neoadjuvant therapy，a total of 11 achieved complete pathological remission and 19regressed to TNM stage I through the postoperative pathological examination.Tumor location，pathological stage，and degree of differentiation were comparable between the two groups.