《Table 4–Adsorption properties and mechanisms of 3D graphene based materials for dyes.》

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《Environmental application of three-dimensional graphene materials as adsorbents for dyes and heavy metals: Review on ice-templating method and adsorption mechanisms》

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The 3D graphene based materials exhibit different adsorption mechanisms for different dyes which are related to the charge property of the dye.Methylene Blue，a cationic dye，was adsorbed easily onto graphene based materials，as shown in Table 4.In general，the high adsorption capability of the adsorbent was partially attributed to the strong electrostatic force between the negatively charged GO and the positively charged methylene blue.It is a widely held view that the deprotonation of oxygenated functional groups（hydroxyl carboxyl and carbonyl）on GO sheets contributes to the high negative surface charge density of 3D graphene based adsorbent.Hence，the quantity of oxygen-containing groups determines the surface charge properties of the adsorbent and consequently，its adsorption capability for the cationic dye.The 3D graphene based materials have been proven to be effective adsorbents for eliminating cationic dyes and electrostatic interaction was determined in past studies to be the dominating mechanism（Cheng et al.，2013；Shi et al.，2016；Wei et al.，2017；Yu et al.，2017c）.