《Table 2 I-V performance of DSCs constructed with meso-porous TiO2 photoanodes with different W-dopi

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《Towards Improvement of Photovoltaic Performance of Aqueous Dye-sensitized Solar Cells by Tungsten-doped Mesoporous Nanobeads TiO_2 Working Electrode》

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The intensity of the simulated sunlight is 1 000 W·m-2

Nitrogen gas sorption was used to measure the specific surface area and porosities of the non-doped and doped mesoporous TiO2 and the physical properties are summarized in Table 1 and Fig.3.Mesoporous TiO2beads of a sub-micron size has proven superior DSC performance[26-28].This is attributed to the large surface area for sensitizer adsorption，preferable porosity to ensure an ease of access for the sensitizer molecules and the electrolyte，as well as a great light trapping effect for efficient light harvesting.All undoped and W-doped samples give type VI isotherms with H1type hysteresis loops indicating mesoporous nature.Specific surface area calculation results also reveal a small variation of the superior specific surface areas from 107.1 to 118.7 m2·g-1 that agrees well with SEM and XRD analyses on minor influence from W-doping on morphology change.The gas sorption results also suggest a slightly developed pore diameter as the poresize distribution centres gradually refocused from 12.8to 13.9 nm.Such negligible changes on specific surface areas and porosity from W-doping suggest that the abilities of dye-loading，electrolyte access rate and light harvesting are highly likely to be inherited from the undoped TiO2 beads.