《Table 1 Total number (Nr) and percentage (%) of tree with crown defoliation higher, respectively, t

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《Linking forest diversity and tree health:preliminary insights from a large-scale survey in Italy》

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In Italy，the Level I-ICP Forests monitoring network consisted of 245 plots（year 2014），with 4967 trees subdivided into 1310 conifers and 3656 broad-leaved trees.Ten to thirty trees per plot were assessed.The most frequent tree species are listed in Table 1.The plots are circular with a fixed 13 m radius，and the crown conditions of all trees with diameter at breast height（DBH）>10 cm are assessed yearly.DBH is measured every 5 years.The field crews of the National Forest Service（formerly Corpo Forestale dello Stato，from 2017 Carabinieri Forestali）are trained before each field survey（Ferretti et al.1999；Bussotti et al.2009）using a national field manual（Bussotti et al.2016；Gasparini et al.2016）.In this contribution，the crown condition was evaluated for the historical series from 1997 to 2014.