《Table 1Typical earth-abundant Ni-based electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic H2 evolution.》

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《镍基光催化产氢助催化剂（英文）》

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*N-CNTs，N-doped C nanotubes；HMS，hollow microsphere；GC，glassy C；NCV，N-doped C vesicle；NC，ultrathin graphene shells（only 1–3 layers）；NPA，nanoplate arrays；NGF，N-doped graphene foam；PC，porous carbon；CP，C paper；HNW，hybrid nanowire；BHSs，double-shel

density at～81 mV overpotential in alkaline media[75].Ni，NiO，and oxidized CNT have been identified as the efficient active sites of the H adsorption step，the preferential absorbing region of the OH–produced by the Ni sites（i.e.，the positive charge and higher number of empty d orbitals of Ni2+，stronger electrostatic affinity of NiO for OH–ions），and a substantial substrate for growing the NiO/Ni heterostructure，respectively.Until now，a combination of experimental and computational studies has revealed numerous Ni-based H2-evolution electrocatalysts[76].Some of the popular representative Ni-based H2-evolution electrocatalysts are summarized in Table 1 according to their different compositions，including alloys/metals，carbides，nitrides，oxides，phosphides[77–79]，sulfides，selenides，and complexes.