《Table 1 Nutritional goals for black-feather Muscovy duck at various growth stages》

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《Design and Application of Dietary Formula for Muscovy Duck at Different Growth Stages》

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Maize，rice bran，wheat bran，soybean meal，cottonseed meal，soybean oil，rock powder，calcium hydrogen phosphate，salt，and 1%premix were selected as feed ingredients to design dietary formula.In nutritional requirement test，metabolic energy（ME），crude protein（CP），calcium（Ca），and available phosphorus（AP）were employed as experimental factors，each of which was set at three levels.On the basis of previous studies，the nutritional goals for black-feather Muscovy duck at various growth stages were determined.At the first stage（0-21 days of age），metabolic energy levels were 11.52，11.92 and 12.32 MJ/kg，respectively；crude protein levels were 18%，20%and 22%，respectively；calcium levels were 0.6%，0.8%and 1.0%，respectively；available phosphorus levels were 0.30%，0.45%and0.60%，respectively.At the second stage（22-42 days of age），metabolic energy levels were 11.92，12.32 and 12.72 MJ/kg，respectively；crude protein levels were 16%，18%and 20%，respectively；calcium levels were 0.6%，0.8%and 1.0%，respectively；available phosphorus levels were 0.30%，0.45%and0.60%，respectively.At the third stage（43-91 days of age），metabolic energy levels were 12.32，12.72 and 13.12 MJ/kg，respectively；crude protein levels were 14%，16%and 18%，respectively；calcium levels were 0.6%，0.8%and 1.0%，respectively；available phosphorus levels were 0.30%，0.45%and0.60%，respectively.An L9（34）orthogonal array experimental design，consisting of four parameters，each with three levels，was employed to identify nine different nutritional goals for blackfeather Muscovy duck at three growth stages（Table 1）.Based on the above-mentioned nutritional goals and feed ingredients selected，a total of 27 dietary formulas for black-feather Muscovy duck at three stages were designed using feed formulation software REFS3000[3].