《Table 5 Classification of groundwater quality for irrigation, according to the USSLs diagram (USSL,

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《"Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in Balad district, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq"》

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C salinity hazard（EC），S sodium hazard （SAR）

The groundwater quality of Balad basin was evaluated for irrigation purposes using various classification standards such as SAR，RSC，Na%，EC and MH.SAR is a measure of alkali/sodium hazards to crops and its value in the studied area was found to be less than 10 in all groundwater samples（i.e.excellent for irrigation purposes）（Table 4） .Electrical conductivity is a very important parameter for determining the suitability of water for irrigation.This parameter indicates the total soluble salts in water.About 78.5%of the samples were unsuitable for irrigation in the studied area（Table 4）.A more detailed analysis was made by plotting the EC and SAR on the US salinity diagram designed by the USSL（1954）and shown in Fig.9.The diagram divides the water quality into 16 zones to assess irrigation suitability of water（Table 5）.It was observed that the twenty-eight samples were grouped into four zones，namely C3S1，C4S1，C4S2，and C4S3.The latter three zones indicate very poor water quality for irrigation use，and about 80%of the samples that fall in these three zones.This water can be suitable for plants if a special soil management has been taken into consideration，such as good drainage，leaching and addition of organic matter（Rao N S et al.2012）.Only 6 samples fall in the C3S1 zone indicating water of high salinity and low sodium（moderate water quality）.This kind of water can be used for irrigation in almost all types of soil with little danger of exchangeable sodium（Marghade D et al.2012）.