《Table 2.Comparison of the monthly averaged RMSE of the 24-and48-h forecasted V10m (units:m s-1) and

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《Evaluating and Improving Wind Forecasts over South China: The Role of Orographic Parameterization in the GRAPES Model》

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As can be seen from Table 1，the average 24-h and 48-h wind speed bias is greatly alleviated in the ORO experiment.For instance，the wind forecast error at 1000 h Pa is alleviated from 4.67 m s-1to 2.18 m s-1，which is also verified using the V10m observations，with an error reduction of 2.99 m s-1and 3.1 m s-1from the 24-h and 48-h forecast（Table 2）.The reduction in 24-h wind speed RMSE at 925 and 850 h Pa is1.05 and 0.34 m s-1，respectively；plus，there are 48-h alleviations of 0.79 m s-1and 0.15 m s-1.The magnitude of the wind speed error reduction becomes weaker with a longer integration.On the other hand，the error reduction in the lower layer is more significant than that in the higher level，with a slight improvement in the T2m forecast（Table 2）.The overestimated wind speed is thus reduced by including the SSO drags.