《Table 1 Definitions of facial soft tissue landmarks》

《Table 1 Definitions of facial soft tissue landmarks》   提示:宽带有限、当前游客访问压缩模式
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《A 3D morphometric perspective for facial gender analysis and classification using geodesic path curvature features》


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The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children(ALSPAC)dataset is used in the present work.The ALSPAC study was designed to explore how an individual’s genotype is influenced by environmental factors impacting on health,behavior,and development of children.The initial ALSPAC sample was based on 14,541 pregnant women with an estimated delivery date between April 1991and December 1992.Out of the initial 14,541pregnancies,all but 69 had known birth outcomes;195 sets of twins,3 of triplets,and 1 of quadruplets represented the multiple births.13,988 children were alive at one year.Mothers were asked to complete postal questionnaires that covered a range of health outcomes[31].Ethical approval for using this data in the present study was obtained from the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee and the Local Research Ethics Committees[32].The cohort was re-called when the children were 15 years of age,and 3D face scans of their faces were obtained using two Konica Minolta Vivid 900 laser cameras[33].The final sample represented normal variation in 4747British adolescents(2514 females and 2233 males);92%of these individuals were Caucasians,and the remaining subjects(8%)were a mixture of other ethnic groups[34].Each set of scanned images was imported into Rapidform 2006(a reverse engineering software package)and processed by removing noise and unwanted areas as well as the color texture in order to highlight morphological features,and eliminate the influence of dissimilar facial color tones.Then,21 3D facial landmarks were manually identified and recorded for each 3D facial image using the method of Toma et al.[35].The biological landmark points for this dataset as well as their locations and meanings on the human face are shown in Fig.1,while Table 1 presents their definitions.