《旅游的空间经济分析》求取 ⇩

Abstract1

前言页1

Preface Bao Jue-Min He Zhi-Qiang1

1．Introduction1

1．绪论1

序 鲍觉民 何自强1

内容提要1

1．1．Progress in spatial economic studies for tourism2

1．1．1．Notions and concepts2

1．1．旅游的空间经济研究进展2

1．1．1．基本概念2

1．1．2．Themes of study4

1．1．2．旅游的空间经济研究主题4

1．1．3．Progress at home and abroad5

1．1．3．国内外研究进展5

1．2．1．Methodology in general8

1．2．旅游空间经济分析的方法论8

1．2．1．一般研究方法8

1．2．Methodology8

1．2．2．Methods of spatial analysis for tourism9

1．2．2．旅游的空间分析方法9

1．2．3．Sources of research material13

1．2．3．材料来源13

2．旅游地开发评价15

2．Evaluating Tourist Areas for Development15

2．1．1．基本概念和理论基础16

2．1．问题和研究进展16

2．1．1．Concepts and theoretical bases16

2．1．Problems and research progress16

2．1．2．Research progress home and abroad20

2．1．2．国内外研究进展20

2．2．1．Basic model and evaluation standing points22

2．2．Evaluation methods22

2．2．1．基本模型和价值标准22

2．2．评价方法22

2．2．2．特尔菲法26

2．2．2．Delphi method26

2．2．3．Analytic Hierarchy Process29

2．2．3．层次分析法29

2．3．1．General model37

2．3．1．评价总模型37

2．3．General model of evaluating tourist areas37

2．3．旅游地评价总模型37

2．3．2．A comparison among various models39

2．3．2．各种模型及因子权重的比较39

2．3．3．A discussion on the general model43

2．3．3．关于总模型的讨论43

3．1．1．旅游资源和旅游地的分类46

3．1．1．Classification of tourist resources and tourist areas46

3．1．Relationship between tourist resources and activities46

3．Evaluating Tourist Resources46

3．旅游资源评价46

3．1．旅游资源与旅游活动46

3．1．2．Liniages between tourist activities and resource factors50

3．1．2．旅游资源因子与旅游活动的关联50

3．2．Models for the evaluation of tourist resources in China51

3．2．中国旅游资源评价模型51

3．2．1．旅游资源评价中间模型51

3．2．1．Intermediate models51

3．2．2．Model group54

3．2．2．旅游资源评价子模型54

3．2．3．Concluding models61

3．2．3．旅游资源评价模型61

3．3．Evaluating the factors of tourist resources64

3．3．1．General discussion64

3．3．1．关于因子评分64

3．3．旅游资源因子分级评价64

3．3．2．Evaluating the quality of tourist resources65

3．3．2．旅游资源因子质量的分级评价65

3．3．3．Evaluating the dimension of tourist resources69

3．3．3．旅游资源因子规模的分级评价69

4．1．1．Factors for the evaluation of regional conditions72

4．1．Model for the evaluation of regional conditions of tourist areas in China72

4．Evaluating Regional Conditions and Locational Characteristics72

4．旅游地区域条件和区位特性评价72

4．1．中国旅游地区域条件评价模型72

4．1．1．区域条件评价因子72

4．1．2．区域条件评价模型75

4．1．2．Model for the evaluation of regional conditions75

4．1．3．Evaluating the factors of regional conditions76

4．1．3．区域条件因子分级评价76

4．2．1．区位特性及其对客流的影响78

4．2．Model for the evaluation of locational characteristics of tourist areas in China78

4．2．1．Impact of locational characteristics to tourist flow78

4．2．中国旅游地的区位特性评价78

4．2．2．区位特性评价模型82

4．2．2．Model for the evaluation of locational characteristics82

4．2．3．Evaluating the factors of locational features84

4．2．3．区位特性因子分级评价84

5．1．旅游地评价模型及其应用88

5．1．1．Concluding models for evaluating tourist areas88

5．System for the Evaluation of Tourist Areas in China and Its Application88

5．中国旅游地评价系统及其实用88

5．1．Models for the evaluation of tourist areas and the application88

5．1．1．旅游地评价终因子模型88

5．1．2．评价实例90

5．1．2．Evaluation case study90

5．2．关于旅游地评价系统的讨论92

5．2．1．评价模型的适用范围92

5．2．1．Application dimensions of the system92

5．2．Discussion on the evaluation system92

5．2．2．评价结果的动态特性94

5．2．2．Changable evaluation results94

5．2．3．评价系统的实用95

5．2．4．Scientific fuctions of the system95

5．2．3．Further application of the system95

5．2．4．评价的科学功能95

5．2．5．评价的主观与客观性96

5．2．5．Objectivity of the system96

6．1．研究进展概述99

6．1．1．国外研究进展99

6．旅游容量理论研究99

6．Theoretical Approach to Tourist Carrying Capacities99

6．1．Progress in tourist capacity study99

6．1．1．Research progress abroad99

6．1．2．国内研究进展101

6．1．2．Progress at home101

6．2．1．旅游容量的定义103

6．2．Focal points of tourist capacities103

6．2．1．Defining tourist capacities103

6．2．旅游容量问题的焦点103

6．2．2．Possibility of measurement104

6．2．2．旅游容量确定值存在的可能性104

6．2．3．Trend for common use106

6．2．3．旅游容量标准的普适性问题106

6．2．4．Changes on temporal and spatial dimensions107

6．2．4．旅游容量的变化特性107

6．3．1．旅游容量是一个概念体系108

6．3．旅游容量的概念体系108

6．3．1．System of the concepts of tourist capacities108

6．3．Concepts of tourist capacities108

6．3．2．基本容量109

6．3．2．Basic capacities109

6．3．3．Non-basic capacities111

6．3．3．非基本容量111

7．旅游容量的量测及其应用114

7．Measurement of Tourist Capacities and the Application114

7．1．旅游容量的量测115

7．1．1．旅游资源容量和旅游感知容量115

7．1．1．Resource capacity and perceptual capacity115

7．1．Measurement of tourist capacities115

7．1．2．生态容量125

7．1．2．Ecological capacity125

7．1．3．经济发展容量127

7．1．3．Development capacity127

7．1．4．旅游地容量132

7．1．4．Resort capacity132

7．2．旅游地开发规模和旅游地域比较135

7．2．Limits for development and comparison of tourist areas135

7．2．1．Limits of tourist areas for development135

7．2．1．旅游地开发的极限规模135

7．2．2．Comparison among tourist areas139

7．2．2．旅游地域之间的比较139

7．3．Overloading, tourism pollution and the control142

7．3．1．超载与旅游污染142

7．3．1．Overloading and tourism pollution142

7．3．超载、旅游污染及其控制142

7．3．2．消除污染与控制旅游流强度147

7．3．2．Relations between pollution delimination and direction of tourist flows147

8．1．Nature of tourism151

8．国际旅游的创汇效应151

8．1．旅游的性质151

8．1．1．旅游的经济特征151

8．Foreign Exchange Earning from International Tourism151

8．1．1．Economic features of tourism151

8．1．2．Comparative advantage and limits of tourism153

8．1．2．旅游的比较优势和局限153

8．1．3．Positiveness and negativeness of the economic impact of tourism155

8．1．3．旅游对经济影响的两面性155

8．2．Importance of tourism as a foreign exchange source157

8．2．1．Foreign exchange earnings from tourism and export157

8．2．旅游作为外汇来源的重要性157

8．2．1．旅游外汇收入与出口外汇收入157

8．2．2．旅游创汇在贸易中的位次161

8．2．2．Ranking of tourism as an export161

8．2．3．Costs for earning foreign exchange and the propensity to import164

8．2．3．换汇成本和进口倾向之比较164

8．3．Leakage and net foreign exchange earning169

8．3．1．Tourist expenditure and foreign exchange earning in name169

8．3．1．实际旅游花费和名义旅游外汇收入169

8．3．漏损和旅游净外汇收入169

8．3．2．漏损及其发生172

8．3．2．Leakage172

8．3．3．净旅游收汇与平衡对外收支177

8．3．3．Balancing foreign exchange account177

8．3．4．漏损的国际比较178

8．3．4．An international comparison of leakage178

9．旅游对经济发展的影响181

9．Economic Impact of Tourism181

9．1．1．旅游对于经济影响的程度182

9．1．旅游与宏观经济的发展182

9．1．Tourism and the development of macroeconomy182

9．1．1．Degree of tourism s economic impact182

9．1．2．Contribution of tourism to the GNP growth185

9．1．2．旅游与国民生产总值的增长185

9．1．3．产业发展优势比较188

9．1．3．A comparison of comparative advantages188

9．2．旅游的乘数效应193

9．2．Multilier effect of tourism193

9．2．1．Multiplier effect193

9．2．1．乘数效应193

9．2．2．Linkage of tourism with other industries198

9．2．2．旅游与其它产业的关联198

9．2．3．Output multiplier of tourism203

9．2．3．旅游的产出乘数203

9．3．Income effect of tourism207

9．3．1．Tourism and the growth of national income207

9．3．1．旅游与国民收入的增长207

9．3．旅游的收入效应207

9．3．2．直接与间接收入效应的比较209

9．3．2．Direct and indirect income effect of tourism209

9．3．3．Income multiplier212

9．3．3．收入乘数212

9．4．Factor intensity and employment effect of tourism216

9．4．1．Factor intensity of tourism216

9．4．1．旅游的要素密集性216

9．4．旅游的要素密集性和就业效应216

9．4．2．Employment effect of tourism222

9．4．2．旅游的就业效应222

Appendices229

附录229

附录1．特尔裴问卷表及征纳结果统计229

附录2．求取旅游地评价因子权重值的计算机程序235

附录3．美国内政部土地管理局拟定的土地供游憩活动适宜度分级评估系统238

附录4．海水浴场建设之指标248

主要参考文献250

Postscript251

作者后记261

References261