《地质专业英语》

Contents1

Part One:Fundamental Geology1

Lesson One1

Text The Earth(Ⅰ)1

Word Building Word Composition3

Exercises4

Reading Material The Earth(Ⅱ)6

Lesson Two9

Text Common Minerals9

Word Building Root(Ⅰ)13

Exercises14

Reading Material Minerals16

Lesson Three20

Text Sedimentary Rocks20

Word Building Root(Ⅱ)23

Exercises24

Reading Material Igneous Rocks26

Lesson Four31

Text The Study of Fossils——Paleontology31

Word Building Prefix(Ⅰ)34

Exercises35

Reading Materials A:Relation of Paleontology to Other Sciences37

B:Fossils and Correlation38

Lesson Five40

Text The Geologic Time Scale40

Word Building Prefix(Ⅱ)44

Exercises45

Reading Material Sequence Stratigraphy47

Lesson Six50

Text Faults50

Word Building Suffix52

Exercises53

Reading Material Crustal Plates in Motion55

Part Two:Coal Geology58

Lesson Seven58

Text Coal-Forming Environments58

Translation Guide Criterion and Process61

Exercises63

Reading Material Application of Depositional Models65

Lesson Eight69

Text Coal Basins69

Translation Guide Common Errors72

Exercises73

Reading Material Basin Analysis75

Lesson Nine79

Text Coal(Ⅰ)79

Exercises82

Reading Materials A:Coal(Ⅱ)83

B:Coalification86

Lesson Ten90

Text Macerals of Coal90

Exercises92

Reading Materials A:Origin of Macerals and Coal Lithotypes94

B:Minerals in Coal97

Lesson Eleven100

Text　Drilling for Coal100

Exercises104

Reading Materials A:Map Compilation105

B:Coalfield Exploration107

Lesson Twelve112

Text Geological Factors in Roof Behaviour112

Exercises115

Reading Materials A:Geology in Underground Mining116

B:Outbursts of Rock,Coal and Gases121

Part Three:HydrOgeOlOgy125

Lesson Thirteen125

Text The Hydrologic Cycle125

Translation Guide Long Sentences Translation(Ⅰ)127

Exercises129

Reading Material Hydrology and Hydrogeology130

Lesson Fourteen133

Text Subsurface Water133

Translation Guide Long Sentences Translation(Ⅱ)136

Exercises139

Reading Material　How Water Enters the Earth140

Lesson Fifteen142

Text Types of Aquifers142

Exercises144

Reading Materials A:Wells and Springs145

B:Artesian Wells,Hot Springs and Geysers146

Lesson Sixteen150

Text Ground Water Flow——Darcy s Law150

Exercises153

Reading Materials A:Recharge and Discharge Areas154

B:Quality of Water156

Lesson Seventeen159

Text The Geologic Work of Ground Water159

Exercises161

Reading Materials A:Hydrogeology and Environment162

B:Ground Water Exploration——Geological and164

Hydrological Methods164

Lesson Eighteen167

Text Soil167

Exercises170

Reading Materials A:Mass Wasting171

B:Geotechnical Investigations174

Part Four:Applied Geophysics176

Lesson Nineteen176

Text Geophysics176

Writing Guide Abstract Writing(Ⅰ)178

Exercises180

Reading Material Principles of Applied Geophysics181

Lesson Twenty184

Text Geoelectrical Methods184

Writing Guide Abstract Writing(Ⅱ)186

Exercises188

Reading Material Electrical Resistivity and Electromagnetic Methods190

Lesson Twenty-one193

Text Seismic Methods193

Exercises195

Reading Materials A:Seismic Reflection197

B:Seismic Field Operations199

Lesson Twenty-two201

Text Geophysical Well Logging201

Exercises203

Reading Materials A:The Method of Electrode Potentials(Eplog)205

B:Nuclear Logging Methods206

Lesson Twenty-three209

Text Magnetic Methods209

Exercises211

Reading Materials A:Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies213

B:Field Measurement Procedures215

Lesson Twenty-four217

Text Gravity Anomalies217

Exercises219

Reading Materials A:Field Measurements and Their Processing221

B:Interpretation of Gravimetric Observations222

Vocabulary225