《英语写作教程》

PART ONE DICTI0N1

1．Appropriateness1

1.1 Popular and Learned Words2

1.2 Colloquialisms3

1.3 Slang3

1.4 Consistency4

1.5 Gcneral and Specific Words5

1.6 Concrete and Abstract Words7

2．Imagery11

2.1 Simile11

2.2 Metaphor11

2.3 Personification12

3．Exactitude13

3.1 Denotation and Connotation13

3.2 Euphemism14

3.3 Idioms15

3.4 Collocations15

3.5 Vagueness,Jargon and Triteness16

4．Using a Dictionary21

4.1 How to Usea Dictionary Effectively21

4.2 Dictionaries Intended for Chinese Learners of English23

PART TWO THE SENTENCE26

5．Types of Sentence26

5.1 The Standard Sentence26

5.2 The Balanced Sentencé33

5.3 The Periodic,Loose Sentences33

6．Effective Sentences39

6.1 Revising Sentences for Clarity40

6.2 Revising Sentences for Emphasis45

6.3 Revising Sentences for Economy49

6.4 Revising Sentences for Variety51

7．Ineffective Sentences58

7.1 Sentence Fragment and Period Fault59

7.2 Run-on Sentence61

7.3 Comma Splice61

7.4 Fused sentence62

7.5 Faulty Parallelisms62

PART THREE THE PARAGRAPH66

8．The Concept of an English Paragraph66

8.1 Unity66

8.2 Coherence67

8.3 The Topic Sentence68

8.4 Transitions69

8.5 The Paragraph Outline72

9．Paragraph Development76

9.1 Paragraph Development by Listing76

9.2 Paragraph Development by Examples78

9.3 Paragraph Development by Comparison and Contrast80

9.4 Paragraph Development by Defination84

9.5 Paragraph Development by Classification86

9.6 Paragraph Development by Space88

9.7 Paragraph Development by Time90

9.8 Paragraph Development by Process-description91

9.9 Paragraph Development by Cause and Effect92

9.10 Paragraph Development by Generalisation94

PART FOUR THE COMPOSITION109

10．Steps in Writing a Composition109

10.1 Planning a Composition109

10.2 Types of Outline112

10.3 Writing the First Draft116

10.4 Revising the First Draft117

10.5 Making the Final Copy119

11．Organization125

11.1 Common Patterns of Organization126

11.2 The Beginning127

11.3 2The End130

12．Types of Writing132

12.1 Narration132

12.2 Description137

12.3 Exposition145

12.4 Argumentation149

PART FIVE LETTERS154

13．Letter Form154

13.1 The Informal Letter154

13.2 The Business Letter157

13.3 The Writing of an Envelope169

13.4 The Formal Invitations170

14．Essential Qualities of a Letter171

14.1 The Content171

14.2 The Language172

15．Types of Letters177

15.1 Personal Letters177

15.2 Social Letters182

15.3 Formal Letters184

15.4 Business Letters191

PART SIX PRACTICAL WRITING202

16．Keeping a Diary202

17．Note-taking204

18．Resume'(Data Sheet)208

19．Letters for Other Occasions211

19.1 Announcements211

19.2 Invitations213

19.3 Notes and Memos217

19.4 Notice and Poster222

20．Report-writing223

20.1 Reading Report224

20.2 Periodic Report227

20.3 Progress Report229

20.4 Laboratory Report229

PART SEVEN GRAMMAR SKlLLS232

21．Principal Parts of Verbs232

22．Tense Forms236

23.Case240

24．Agreement(Subject-Verb)246

25．Agreement(Pronoun-Antecedent)254

26．Faulty Complement259

27．Punctuation263

APPENDIX278

Ⅰ．Rules for Capitalization278

Ⅱ．Correction Symbols285