《孔子及其“仁”的思想 （英文）》

PART ONE:CONFUCIUS' LIFE AND HIS CAREER3

Ⅰ．Historical Background3

Ⅱ．A Declining Aristocratic Family5

Ⅲ．His Childhood,Adolescence and the Years before Taking Office7

Ⅳ．Taking Office in Lu State12

Ⅴ．Journeys from State to State14

Ⅵ．The First Great Educator and Editor in Chinese History18

PART TWO:CONFUCIUS THOUGHT OF BENEVOLENCE31

Ⅰ．PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT OF BENEVOLENCE31

1．Benevolence and Humanistic Philosophy31

1）Development of the Thought of BENEVOLENCE31

2）Manifold Meanings of the Thought of BENEVOLENCE33

3）Why the Thought of Bene-volence is Identified as Hu-manistic PhilosoPhy36

4）The Thought of BENEVO-LENCE Is An All-embracing General Outline of Confucian Ideological System48

2．The Expressing Form of the50

Idea of BENEVOLENCE50

1）The Rites50

2）The Relation between BENEVOLENCE and Rites53

3．Methodology of the Idea of Benevolence——the Doctrine of the Mean57

1）Definition57

2）Main Features of the Doctrine of the Mean59

3）Flexible Appliance of the Doctrine of the Mean66

Ⅱ．ETHICAL THOUGHT OF BENEV-OLENCE68

1．Requirements for the Ruling Class and Intellectuals——Practise Self-cultivation and Govern the Country by Virtue70

2．Integration of BENEVOLENCE74

with the Rites74

3．Esteem Righteousness and Belittle Personal Gains81

4．A System of Moral Standards with BENEVOLENCE as the Nueleus87

5．Assiduous Study,the Key for Moral Perfection89

6．The Summit of Moral Cultivation:Bc a Benevolent Gentleman95

Ⅲ．POLITICAL THOUGHT OF BENEVOLENCE104

1．His Political Ideals104

1）The Idea of the"Universal World"105

2）The Idea of the"Medial Society"107

2．His Political Views110

1）Governing with BENEVO-LENCE and by virtue111

2）Selecting the Virtuous and Talented for Office115

3）Increasing the population,Enriching and educating the Enriching and educating the people120

CONCLUSION125