《INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA FOR LABOUR LAW AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS VOL.11》

List of Abbreviations13

Chronological List of Acts15

Introduction17

Ⅰ.GENERAL BACKGROUND17

1.Geography and Climate17

2.Brief History17

3.Political and Legal Systems20

4.Economic Development21

5.Population and Labour Force24

Ⅱ.DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS35

1.Industrial Labour Law35

2.Individual Labour Law36

3.Collective Labour Law36

4.Right to Strike37

Ⅲ.HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS39

Ⅳ.ROLE OF GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE SHAPING AND ADMINISTRATION OF LABOUR LAW AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS POLICY53

1.National Machinery53

Ⅴ.SOURCES OF LABOUR LAW56

1.The Constitution56

2.Legislation57

3.Common Law57

4.Awards, Common Rules and Agreements57

Ⅵ.INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION CONVENTIONS59

Ⅶ.SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY70

1.General Books70

2.Law Reports70

3.Periodicals70

4.Specialist Publications70

5.Government Publications71

Part Ⅰ.The Individual Employment Relationship73

CHAPTER Ⅰ.DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS73

1.Categories of Workers73

2.Duration and Form of Employment Contracts75

3.Capacity to Conclude a Contract77

4.Employment of Females and Young Persons78

CHAPTER Ⅱ.RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PARTIES IN THE COURSE OF THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP79

1.Duties of the Employee79

2.Duties of the Employer81

3.Remedies for Breach of Contract81

A.Breaches by the employee81

B.Breaches by the employer82

CHAPTER Ⅲ.WORKING TIME, ANNUAL VACATION, HOLIDAYS (INCLUDING OVERTIME AND SUNDAY WORKING)83

1.Statutory Regulation83

A.Private sector83

B.Public sector84

2.Annual Vacation84

A.Private sector84

B.Public sector84

3.Furlough or Long Service Leave84

A.Private sector84

B.Public sector85

4.Payment for Declared Public Holidays85

CHAPTER Ⅳ.REMUNERATION AND BENEFITS86

CHAPTER Ⅴ.INCAPACITY TO WORK88

CHAPTER Ⅵ.JOB SECURITY89

CHAPTER Ⅶ.PROTECTION AGAINST DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT90

CHAPTER Ⅷ.COVENANT OF NoN-COMPETITION92

CHAPTER Ⅸ.INVENTIONS BY EMPLOYEES93

CHAPTER Ⅹ.SETTLING DISPUTES94

1.Grievance Procedures94

Part Ⅱ.Collective Labour Relations97

CHAPTER Ⅰ.TRADE UNIONS -- INTRODUCTION97

1.Freedom of Association97

2.Collective Bargaining97

3.Workers' Participation98

4.The Right to Strike98

CHAPTER Ⅱ.TRADE UNIONS AND EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATIONS102

1.Trade Unions102

2.Employers' Organisations102

CHAPTER Ⅲ.INSTITUTIONALISED RELATIONS BETWEEN EMPLOYEESAND EMPLOYERS111

A.Industry level111

B.Enterprise level111

1.Public Authorities- Labour Administration111

2.Extent of Tripartite Consultation112

3.Collective Dispute Settlement113

CHAPTER Ⅳ.SETTLEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES116

1.Structure and Composition of the Dispute Settling Bodies116

A.Principal forms116

1.Private sector116

2.Public sector117

B.Sources of authority117

1.Private sector117

2.Public sector117

C.Composition and membership118

1.Private sector118

2.Public sector119

D.Qualifications and terms of office119

2.Jurisdiction of the Dispute Settling Bodies120

A.General scope, aspects and exclusions120

1.Private sector120

2.Public sector121

B.Relations with other dispute settling bodies122

C.Appeals and judicial review122

1.Private sector122

2.Public sector123

3.Procedure of the Dispute Settling Bodies123

A.Conciliation, mediation and pre-hearing procedures123

1.Private sector123

2.Public sector124

B.Conduct of hearings and representation of litigants125

1.Private sector125

2.Public sector125

4.Other Bodies126

A.The shop steward system126

1.Private sector126

2.Public sector126

B.Joint consultation or workers' councils126

1.Private sector126

2.Public sector127

5.Voluntary Arbitration127

6.Role of Minimum Wage Policy127

7.General Comments129

8.Deadlocks131

A.Private sector131

B.Public sector131

9.Additional Comments131

10.Summary132

CHAPTER Ⅴ.STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS134

1.Evaluation of the System -Some Empirical Data134

2.Main Causes of Labour Dispute145

3.Summary146

4.Conclusion148

CHARTS AND FIGURES151

Chart Ⅰ.Private Sector Dispute Settlement Procedures151

Chart Ⅱ.Public Sector Dispute Settlement Procedures152

Chart ⅢA.and Ⅲ B.Conciliation Procedures153

Chart Ⅳ.Private Sector Industrial Relations Systems154

Figure 1.Total Number of Disputes - Private and PublicSector155

Figure 2.Total Number of Gazetted Awards155

Figure 3.Total Number of Arbitrated Disputes156

Figure 4.Arbitrated Disputes relating to Collective Groups156

Figure 5.Disputes Resolved by Conciliation157

Figure 6.Total Working Days Lost (thousands)157

Figure 7.Average Working Days Lost158

Figure 8.Total Workers Involved in Disputes158

INDEX159