《ASTROBUSINESS A GUIDE TO THE COMMERCE AND LAW OF OUTER SPACE》

1BASICS FOR SPACE ENTERPRISES1

2COMMERCIAL USES OF SPACE3

Communications3

Relay Satellites4

Direct Broadcast Satellites4

Position Finder Satellites4

Remote Sensing5

Space Manufacturing7

Pharmaceuticals9

Electronics10

Glass11

Metallurgy11

Energy12

3STRUCTURES FOR SPACE15

Spacelab15

Space Platforms16

Space Station17

Beyond Earth Orbit19

4SPACE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES23

Government Operations23

Ariane and Arianespace25

Private Ventures30

Launch Services31

Upper Stages34

Support Services35

5SPACE RISKS AND LIABILITIES37

History of Satellite Insurance37

Spacecraft Insurance Coverage42

Satellite User Exposures44

Space Personnel Insurance46

6FINANCING BUSINESS IN SPACE47

Characteristics of Space Ventures48

Sources and Financial Techniques49

Reducing Project Cost and Risk52

Government Assistance53

7NATIONAL SPACE LAW55

Administration Policy56

Regulating Agencies58

NASA58

Department of Transportation60

Department of State63

Federal Communications Commission65

Department of Commerce66

Department of Defense67

Congressional Action68

Space Lawyers69

Consultants69

8INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW71

International Law of Outer Space71

The International Organizations72

UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space72

International Telecommunication Union73

International Space Service Organizations75

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization75

International Maritime Satellite Organization78

9THE MILITARIZATION OF SPACE83

The Military Picture84

The Budget84

The Systems85

Reducing the Threat87

Altitude and Spacing Limits89

Registration90

Clarification of the 1967 Space Treaty90

Nuclear Power Sources91

Multilateral Approaches91

Verification92

10NEXT STEPS93

NOTES101

APPENDIX A:Publications113

APPENDIX B:Executive Order #12465121

APPENDIX C:Commerical Space Enterprises125

APPENDIX D:Comparative Listing of Factors Affecting Purchase of Launch Services131

INDEX133

ABOUT THE AUTHORS143