《Table 4 Ecological values of different ecosystems in Liuhe district of Nanjing (108 Yuan·a1)》

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《"南京市六合区土地利用空间变化的生态价值损益数据集研发（2009,2019）"》

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（v） Considering different types of ecosystems，non-construction space（water area，woodland，wetland，cultivated land，and grassland）plays vital role in sustaining life support systems.The natural value of wetland per unit area is the largest，followed by water area，woodland，cultivated land，and grassland.When considering economic values，those of construction space（residential/service land，industrial/mining land，and transportation/other land）are dozens of times greater than those of woodland and water area.Therefore，in the development of urban and rural construction land，the potential value of woodland and water area is overlooked，resulting in a loss of natural value.When comprehensively assessing the relationship between the economic value and natural value of each ecosystem，the economic value of non-construction space in 2009 accounted for 19.1%of the economic value of construction space；this ratio fell to 16.1%in 2019.However，considering both the natural value and economic value，the ecological value of non-construction space accounted for 32.2%of the ecological value of construction space in 2009，but 26.9%in 2019.Therefore，concerning the non-market valuation of ecosystems，the ratio of ecological value between nonconstruction and construction spaces has risen from 1∶5 to 1∶3.Hence，the comprehensive benefits of urban and rural construction land are no longer prominent.Accordingly，it is necessary to limit the occupation of non-construction space including cultivated land，woodland，and water area by further extensive expansion of urban and rural construction land.