《Table 3Associated intra-abdominal injuries.》

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《Liver trauma: What current management》

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Twenty-three patients were hemodynamically unstable at admission，14 of them had refractory hypotension in spite of resuscitation measures，and they were immediately taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy.In stable or stabilized patients，physical examination and radiological exploration were undertaken with ultrasound and/or computed tomography（CT）scan according to the hemodynamic status.Referring to the LIS（Table 1）[1–3]，68patients（81.9%）had simple hepatic injuries（grades I，II，III）while15 patients（18.1%）suffered complex lesions（grade IV or greater）as shown in Table 2.Fifty-six patients（67.5%）had multiple associated injuries.Extra-abdominal lesions were seen in 46 patients（55.4%），and they were dominated by thoracic lesions followed by extremities and head injuries.These lesions，sometimes life threatening，had considerably worse prognosis，whereas，intra-abdominal lesions were present in 35 patients（42.2%）.The spleen is the most affected abdominal organ followed by kidney and other organs as shown in Table 3.