《Table 1 FTAs Along the Belt and Road (1)》

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《A Study on the Cooperative Mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative from the Perspective of New Regionalism》

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Source:Adapted from website of WTO

Second，the loose legal binding hinders the effective functioning of the for um-based mechanisms.The reason why the forum-based mechanisms are not mandatory lies in:first，there are no legally binding regulations.The legal basis for the establishment，operation and structure of the international organizations consists of the charters signed at the very beginning，which are generally treaties or agreements between governments.In Table 2，though those dialogue and collaborative cooperative mechanisms are inter-governmental，they were established upon the signing of such documents as the Seoul Declaration，the President’s St atement，t he St atement of CICA a nd t he Declaration on Asian Cooperation，which provide nothing legal-binding for their member countries；second，the conferences are always informal in nature，and their documents are not valid in the legal sense.The loosely bound organization and regulations then lead to random conference systems.The mechanisms are mostly operated in the form of meetings between heads of government or foreign ministers，which are concluded with cooperative frameworks consisting of declarations，statements or announcements，which have no legal-binding.APEC，for example，reaches agreements not by means of negotiation，but rather by“declarations”issued upon a consensus in the meetings between heads of governments.Not being legal documents，these declarations or statements do not own the power to force obedience from or sanction the member countries.The functioning of the forumbased mechanisms is mostly ensured by the members’consensus and voluntary commitment.Based on international credit，the forum-based mechanisms rely heavily upon the global politics or morality，and are subject to reluctant response，delay and even“betrayal”when it comes to handling a major international issue，thereby making it difficult for specific plans to be smoothly implemented.