《Table 6–Effect of P-enriched compost on P recovery, use and agronomic efficiency.》

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《Influence of P-enriched compost application on economics and P use efficiency of a maize–wheat rotation system》

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The planting of maize and wheat in a maize–wheat cropping rotation with application of P fertilizer at rates 125 and90 kg P ha-1is a common practice in Punjab province，Pakistan.This practice was compared with the addition of FYM at 1 Mg ha-1and with recommended P fertilizer and PEC application，with the aim of determining whether or not PEC application increased crop yield.In 2011–2013，the PEC application resulted in significantly（P≤0.05）higher maize and wheat yields as compared to control treatments.The maximum maize grain yields，8.43，8.69，and 9.05 Mg ha-1（Table 2）and wheat grain yields，4.80，4.95，and 4.78 Mg ha-1（Table 3）were realized when RD NK+PEC was applied in 2011，2012，and 2013，respectively，followed by treatments in which RD NPK+FYM were applied.The minimum grain yields of maize and wheat were recorded in the control（CK）treatment.Over the three years，average maize and wheat grain yields were increased by 18%and 24%respectively by application of RD NK+PEC relative to sole application of RD of NPK fertilizer.Further，RD NK+PEC application increased maize and wheat yields by respectively 12%and 17%as compared to RD NPK+FYM application.Incorporation of FYM with RD NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect grain yields in comparison with sole RD NPK fertilizer.Grain yield of wheat was significantly increased when inorganic fertilizer was mixed with organic materials[13，14].Similarly，a significantly higher maize grain yield was observed when mixtures of organic and inorganic fertilizer were added to soil[15].On average over the three years（Table 4），RD NK+PEC addition increased the number of kernel rows ear-1，number of kernels ear-1and 100-kernel weight（5.6%，8.4%，and 7.2%，respectively）over RD NPK fertilizer application.A strong association was observed between number of kernels ear-1and soil available P with maize grain yield（Fig.1）.The maximum numbers of grains spike-1，47，54，and 52 in the respective 2011–2012，2012–2013，and 2013–2014 were recorded in the RD NK+PEC treatment and the minimum in the control（Table 5）.Overall，5.6%，6.2%，and 21.4%higher1000-grain weight，number of spikes m-2，and number of grains spike-1，respectively，were recorded in RD NK+PEC than RD NPK treatments.For wheat as for maize，positive correlations were found between number of grains spike-1and soil available P（Fig.2）.