《现代英语词汇学引论》

Chapter One．A General Survey of English Vocabulary1

Ⅰ．Definition of a Word1

Ⅱ．The Growing English Vocabulary3

1．A Historical Review of English Vocabulary3

2．The Recent Growth of English Vocabulary in the 20th Century10

Chapter Two．Morphological Structure and Word-Formation19

Ⅰ．The Concept of Morphemes and the Types of Morphemes19

Ⅱ．The Three Major Processes of Word-Formation22

1．Derivation/Affixation23

2．Conversion36

3．Compounding/Composition43

Ⅲ．The Minor Processes of Word-Formation53

1．Clipping53

2．Blending54

3．Acronymy：Initialisms and Acronyms56

4．Back-Formation60

5．Words from Proper Names63

6．Miscellaneous66

Chapter Three．WordMeaning,Polysemy and Homonymy75

Ⅰ．Motivation75

1．Phonetic Motivation76

2．Morphological Motivation77

3．Semantic Motivation78

Ⅱ．Main Types of Word Meaning79

A．Grammatical Meaning79

B．Lexical Meaning80

1．Denotative Meaning80

2．Connotative Meaning81

3．Social or Stylistic Meaning83

4．Affective Meaning84

5．Reflective Meaning85

6．Collocative Meaning86

7．Contextual Meaning86

Ⅲ．Componential Analysis and Semantic Features87

1．Componential Analysis on the Basis of Semantic Contrast88

2．The Role of Componential Analysis in English Lexical Teaching89

Ⅳ．Polysemy91

Ⅴ．Homonymy94

Chapter Four．Meaning Relations Between Words108

Ⅰ．Synonymy108

Ⅱ．Antonymy116

Ⅲ．Hyponymy123

Ⅳ．Semantic Field126

Chapter Five．Changes in Word Meaning139

Ⅰ．Causes of Changes in Word Meaning139

1．Historical and Social Causes139

2．Psychological Cause140

3．Linguistic Cause142

4．Foreign Influences143

Ⅱ．Four Tendencies in Semantic Change144

1．Extension of Meaning（Generalization）144

2．Restriction of Meaning（Specialization）147

3．Elevation of Meaning（Amelioration）149

4．Degeneration of Meaning（Pejoration）151

Ⅲ．Semantic Changes Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words154

1．Metaphor154

2．Synaesthesia156

3．Metonymy157

4．Synecdoche158

Chapter Six．Meaning and Contexts164

Ⅰ．Types of Contexts164

1．Lexical Context164

2．Grammatical Context166

3．Textual/Discourse Context167

4．Extra-linguistic Context/Context of Situation169

Ⅱ．The Role of Context in Deciding Word Meaning171

1．Eliminating Ambiguities171

2．Specifying Referents and the Range of the Meaning173

3．Conveying Emotional Overtones175

Ⅲ．How to Guess Word Meaning from Context177

1．Lexical Clues178

2．Syntactical Restrictions179

3．Semantic or Logical Connections181

4．The Role of Topic Sentence182

5．The Role of Background Knowledge185

Chapter Seven．English Idioms191

Ⅰ．Sources of English Idioms191

1．Sources191

2．Classification of the Sources194

Ⅱ．Classification of English Idioms204

1．Noun Phrases204

2．Verbal Phrases207

3．Adjectival Idiomatic Expressions210

4．Adverbial and Prepositional Idiomatic Expressions211

5．Proverbs213

Ⅲ．Beware"Translation Traps"215

Ⅳ．Syntactic,Structural and Stylistic Features of Idioms221

1．Syntactic Function221

2．Structural Features225

3．Stylistic Features227

Chapter Eight．American English235

Ⅰ．Growth of American English235

Ⅱ．Characteristics of American English238

1．Conservatism and Innovation in American English238

2．Heterogeneity241

3．Relative Uniformity in Speech243

4．Verbose and Plain Style in Writing245

Ⅲ．Differences Between American and British English247

1．Differences in Pronunciation247

2．Differences in Spelling250

3．Differences in Grammar and usage253

4．Differences in Vocabulary257