《英语语言学导论》求取 ⇩

Chapter OneIntroduction1

1．Linguistics and English linguistics1

2．The nature of language（s）2

3．Scientific method8

3.1．Scientific method in general8

3.2．Scientific method in linguistics9

4．The goal of linguistics15

4.1．Model15

4.2．Competence18

5．Sub-branches of linguistics20

6．Saussure：the father of modern linguistics21

Summary24

Suggestions for study26

Study questions27

Chapter TwoPhonetics28

1．Speech organs28

2．Consonants and vowels30

2.1．The International Phonetic Alphabet30

2.2．Describing the English consonants33

2.3．Describing the English vowels39

3．Phonetic features42

Summary47

Suggestions for study48

Exercises49

Chapter ThreePhonology53

1．Important concepts in phonology53

1.1．Phonemes53

1.2．Minimal pairs and sets54

1.3．Phonemes and allophones55

1.4．Phonemes，phones and allophones57

2．Identifying phonemes57

2.1．Environment and distribution57

2.2．Three types of distribution58

2.3．Principles and procedures61

3．Distinctive features65

4．Natural classes of sounds66

5．Sequences of phonemes67

6．Suprasegmental features69

6.1．Stress70

6.2．Tone and intonation70

6.3．Juncture72

7．The rules of phonology73

7.1Phonetic and phonemic transcriptions73

7.2 Phonological rules74

Summary76

Suggestions for study77

Exercises78

Chapter FourMorphology82

1．Morphemes82

2．Classifications of morphemes84

2.1．Roots and affixes84

2.2．Prefixes，suffixes and infixes86

2.3．Inflectional and derivational affixes87

3．Morphs and allomorphs90

4．Identifying morphemes92

4.1．Cutting sound sequences into morphs92

4.2．Grouping morphs into morphemes94

4.3．Empty morph and zero morph97

5．Morphemic analysis98

6．The role of morphology in English103

6.1Grammatical functions of inflectional morphology103

6.2 Devivational morphology and word-formation processes104

Summary110

Suggestions for study112

Exercises112

Chapter FiveSyntax（Ⅰ）--Syntactic Relations116

1．Sequential（syntagmatic）relations116

2．Substitutional（paradigmatic）relations117

3．Hierarchical relations118

4．Identifying syntactic categories121

4.1．Nouns and noun phrases121

4.2．Verbs and verb phrases123

4.3．Adjectives124

4.4．Adverbs124

5．Hierarchies and Labeled Immediate Constitutent Analysis125

Summary131

Suggestions for study132

Exercises133

Chapter Six Syntax（Ⅱ）Phrase Structure Rules139

1．Surface structure and deep structure2．A general description of phrase structure rules144

3．Noun phrases145

4．Verb phrases152

5．Auxiliary phrase158

5.1．Tense158

5.2．Modal verbs162

5.3．Perfect163

5.4．Progressive165

6．Sentences168

Summary171

Suggestions for study174

Exercises174

Chapter Seven Syntax（Ⅲ）Transformational Rules180

1．Tranformations in general180

2．Some simple transformations181

2.1．T-Affix181

2.2．Passivization183

2.3．T-Negation188

2.4．T-Yes/No questions192

2.5．T-Question-word questions196

2.6．T-Reflexivization199

2.7．T-Imperative200

3．Ordering of transformations202

Summary205

Suggestions for study207

Exercises208

Chapter Eight Semantics：Word meaning and sentence meaning210

1．What is meaning？210

2．Lexical semantics212

2.1Componential analysis213

2.2 Semantic field215

2.3 Lexical ambiguity224

3．Sentence semantics226

3.1What is essential for determining sentence meaning？226

3.2 Semantic roles228

3.3 Grammatical functions and semantic roles231

3.4 Semantic anomaly232

Summary233

Suggestions for study235

Exercises236

References242

Key to Exercises244

Index300