《生态学》求取 ⇩

Section A - Introduction to ecology1

A1 What is ecology?1

A2 Ten rules in ecology3

Abbreviations9

Preface10

Section B - Adaptation to the environment11

B1 Adaptation11

B2 Coping with environmental vartaion14

B3 The niche18

C1 Solar radiationa dn climate21

Section C - Climate21

C2 Microclimate27

Section D - Water31

D1 The properties of water31

D2 Plants and water34

D3 Animals and water39

Section E - Temperature43

E1 Temperature and metabolism43

E2 Responses to temperature47

E3 Temperature and species sistribution50

F1 Solar radiation and plants53

Section F - Radiation53

Section G - Nutrients59

G1 Sources and cycles59

G2 Plants and consumers65

G3 Soil formation,properties and classification68

Section H - Population ecology73

H1 Populations and population structure73

H2 Natality,mortality and population growth77

H3 Density and density dependence86

H4 Population dynamics - fluctuations, cycles and chaos91

I1 The nature of competition97

Section I - Competiton97

I2 Intraspecific competition105

I3 Resource patitioning108

Section J - Predation113

J1 The nature of predation113

J2 Predator behavior and prey response117

Section K - Parasitosm123

K1 The mature of parasitism123

K2 The dynamica of parasitism128

Section L - Mutualism135

L1 Mutualism135

M1 Life history141

Section M - Life history patterns141

Section N - Behavioral ecology151

N1 Social groups,cooperation and altruism151

N2 Sex in ecology155

Section O - Population genetics163

O1 Genetic variation163

O2 Speciation169

Section P - Ecosystem processes175

P1 Components and processes175

P2 Primary and secondary production180

P3 Food chains185

Section Q - Communities189

Q1 The community,structure and stability189

Q2 Island comunities and colonization195

Q3 Community patterns, competition and predation200

Section R - Community dynamics207

R1 Succession207

R2 Community responses to disturbance214

Section S - Biomes219

S1 Ecosystem patterns219

S2 Grasslands224

S3 Tundra229

S4 Forests233

S5 Deserts,semi-deserts and shrubland240

S6 Saltwater biornes245

S7 Freshwater biornes251

Section T - Harvesting257

T1 Havrestin theory257

T2 Fishing and whaling262

Section U - Pset control267

U1 The pest problem and control strategies267

U2 Pesticides and problems271

U3 Biological contrlo and integrated pest management277

V1 Rare species, habitat loss and extinction281

Section V - Conaervation281

V2 Conservation stratgeise287

V3 Biological resources and gene banks293

Section W - Pollution and global warming299

W1 Air, water and soil pollutants299

W2 Greenhouse gases and global warming304

W3 Ozone308

Section X - The ecology of agriculture312

X1 Soil erosion and agriculture312

X2 Nutrient, water and energy use317

Further reading323

Index333