《大学物理学 第2版》

CONTENTS1

Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.1 What is physics1

1.2 Physical quantities4

1.3 Appfoximation in physics8

1.4 Vectors10

1.5 Orthogonal coordinate systerms14

Problems17

References19

Part One Mechanics25

Chapter 2 kinematics25

2.1 Mechanical motion and moving object25

2.2 Translation26

2.3 Rotation29

2.4 Oscillation32

2.5 Phase space35

2.6 Galilean ttansformation36

2.7 Coriolis accelemtion37

Problems40

References41

Chapter 3 Particie Dynamics42

3.1 The law of inertia and inertial frame of reference42

3.2 Newton's second and third laws43

3.3 Forces47

3.4 Noninertial frame of reference and inertial force50

3.5 Momentum and angular momenturm52

3.6 Mechanical work and energy54

Problems58

References59

Chapter 4 Gravitafion60

4.1 The law of gravitation60

4.2 Gravitational potential energy65

4.3 Gravitational mass,redshift,and collapse71

4.4 Kepler problem and scattering76

4.5 Gravitational field80

Problems85

References87

Chapter 5 Dynamics of Many-Particle System88

5.1 The center of mass88

5.2 System with variable mass93

5.3 Collisions94

5.4 Fluid motion101

5.5 Symmetry and conservation laws104

Problems105

References107

Chapter 6 Dynamics of a Rigid Body108

6.1 Rotational inertia108

6.2 The dynamics of rotation111

6.3 Precessjon of angular momentum114

6.4 Equilibrium of rigid bodies and stability115

Problems118

References119

Chapter 7 Oscillations120

7.1 Simple harmonic motion120

7.2 Coupled oscillation124

7.3 Damped oscillation127

7.4 Nonlinear oscillation129

7.5 Forced oscillation under friction131

Problems134

References135

Chapter 8 Waves136

8.1 Waves and their classification136

8.2 Wave equation137

8.3 Simple harmonic waves and their superposition140

8.4 Interference and diffraction147

8.5 Dispersion and wave packet149

8.6 The Dopplere effect151

8.7 Solitary wave152

Problems153

References155

Chapter 9 Relativistic Mechan-cs156

9.1 Galilean transformations156

9.2 The Lorentz transformations160

9.3 Spacetime diagram and twin paradox165

9.4 Relativislic kinematics168

9.5 RelatiVistic dynamics170

Problems176

References178

Part Two Thermal Physics182

Chapter 10 Temperature182

10.1 Equilibrium state182

lO.2 Thermal equilibrium and temperature184

10.3 EmpiricaI temperature scales184

10.4 The equation of stare186

References189

Problems189

Chapter 11 The First Law of Thermodynamics190

11.1 Work and internal energy190

11.2 Heat and the first law of thermodynamics192

ll.3 Heat capacity and specific heat193

11.4 Free expansion and intemal energy of gas196

11.5 Adiabatic equation198

11.6 The Camot cycle199

Problems200

References202

Chapter 12 The second Law of Thermodynamics203

12.1 The second Iaw203

12.2 Carnot theorem and thermodynamic scale204

12.3 Entropy and entyopy principle206

12.4 Thermodynamic potentials211

12.5 Relativistic thermodynamics215

12.6 Blackhole thermodynamics217

Problems218

References220

Chapter 13 Microscopic Model of Ideal GaS221

13.1 Ideal gas221

13.2 Equilibritum distribution224

13.3 Equipartition theorem227

13.4 Effusion228

13.5 Transport phenomena230

Problems236

References237

Chapter 14 Phase Transition238

14.1 Van der Waals equation238

14.2 Phase and phase diagram240

14.3 Clapeyron's equation241

14.4 Higher order phase transition244

14.5 Concepts in modern theory of phase transition246

Problems248

References250

Part Three Electromagnetism253

Chapter 15 EIectrostatic Field253

15.1 Electric charge and Coulomb's law253

15.2 Electrostatic field257

15.3 Gauss'law261

15.4 Electric potential　266

15.5 Electric potentia1 energy269

Problems274

References275

Chapter 16 Conductor and Dielectrics277

l6.1 Uniform conductor in an electrostatic field277

16.2 Capacitance279

16.3 Conductivity and Ohm's law282

l6.4 Dielectrics284

16.5 Electric vectors285

Problems289

References290

17.1 Magnetic field291

Chapter 17 Magnetic Field291

17.2 Ganss'law for magnetism and Ampere'slaw296

17.3 Magnetic force298

17.4 The Hall effect304

Problems306

References307

Chapter 18 Electromagnetic Induction308

18.1 Faraday's law of induction308

18.2 Motional EMF311

18.3 Inductance313

18.4 Relativity of E and B318

Problems320

References322

Chapter 19 Magnetic Properties of Matter323

19.1 Magnetic dipole of microscopic particles323

19.2 Magnetic vectors328

19.3 The magnetic propenies of macroscopiC objects331

19.4 The magnetism of the earth335

Problems336

References337

Chapter 20 Maxwell's Equations338

20.1 Quasi-equations and monopole338

20.2 Displacement current and induced magnetic field 34l20.3 Differential form of Maxwell's equations345

20.4 Energy flow and field momentum density346

ProbIems348

References349

21.1 Wave equations350

Chapter 21 Electromagnetic Waves350

21.2 Travelling waves352

21.3 Radiation354

21.4 Crystal djffraction356

21.5 Standing wave alld DOS357

Problems358

References359

22.1 Blackbody radiation363

Part Four Fundamental Modern Physics363

Chapter 22 Energy Quantization363

22.2 The photoelectric efiect366

22.3 The Compton Effect369

22.4 Line spectra the energy quantization in atoms370

Problems374

References375

Chapter 23 Wave Nature of Matter376

23.1 Matter waves376

23.2 Davisson-Germer experiment377

23.3 Electron two-slit experiment378

23.4 Uncertainty relation379

Problems382

References382

Chapter 24 Schrodinger Equation383

24.1 The wave function383

24.2 Schrodinger equation383

24.3 One dimensional potential well386

24.4 Potential barrier387

24.5 Simple harmonic oscillator391

Problcms394

References395

Chapter 25 Atoms396

25.1 The hydrogen atom396

25.2 Energy level and transition397

25.3 Probability density400

25.4 Orbital angular momentum and spin402

25.5 Many-electron atoms405

25.6 Lasers406

25.7 Xrays408

Problems410

References410

Chapter 26 Molecules and Clusters411

26.1 Atomic orbital411

26.2 Molecular orbital414

26.3 Ionic bonding417

26.4 Molecule vibrtion and rotation419

26.6 Clusters424

Problems425

References426

Chapter 27 Fermi and Bose Statistics427

27.1 Fermions and Bosons427

27.2 Fermi-Dirac distribution429

27.3 Bose-Einstein distribution photon gas430

27.4 Bose-EinStein Condensation431

27.5 Specific heat of solids434

Problems437

References438

Chapter 28 Condensed Matter439

28.1 Spatial orders in condensed matter439

28.2 Hausdorff dimension and fractal442

28.3 Bonds in crystals443

28.4 Free electron model for metals446

28.5 Energy band447

Problems448

References449

Chapter 29 Nuclear Physics451

29.1 Atomic nucleus451

29.2 Nuclear force and nuclear models454

29.3 Radioactive decays457

29.4 Mossbauer effect462

29.5 Fission and fusion463

Problems469

References471

Chapter 30 Leptons and Quarks472

30.1 Particles and their classification472

30.2 Interactions476

30.3 Conservation laws479

30.4 Quarks481

30.5 The CPT theorem482

Problems485

References487

Chapter 31 Astrophysics488

31.1 Structure and evolution of stars488

31.2 White dwarfs489

31.3 The neutron stars and pulsars491

31.4 Quasar493

31.5 Blackhole and primordial blackhole494

Problems497

References498

Chapter 32 Physical Cosmology499

32.1 Basic facts and cosmological principle499

32.2 Basic concepts502

32.3 Curved spacetime and metrics505

32.4 Gravitational field equation508

32.5 Dynamics of the standard model511

32.6 Progress in cosmology514

Problems515

References515

Appendix519

A Commonly used Physical Constants519

B Simple Pendulum and Jacobi's Elliptical Function522

C Critical and Heavy Damping524

D Fourier Series and Frequency Spcctrum526

E Inlegral Results about Packets529

F Planets in Solar System532

G Gaussian Integral and Gamma Function533

H Operator535

I Dirac Delta Function538

J Riemann Zeta Function539

K Wave Functions540

L Relativistic Transformation of Electromagnetic Field542

Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems546

Index554