《儿童智慧的起源 英文 5》

THE BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM OF INTELLIGENCE1

1．The Functional Invariants of Intelligence and Bio-logical Organization3

2．Functional Invariants and the Categories of Reason8

3．Hereditary Structures and Theories of Adaptation13

Part ⅠELEMENTARY SENSORIMOTOR ADAPTATIONS21

Ⅰ．THE FIRST STAGE:THE USE OF REFLEXES23

1．Sucking Reflexes25

2．The Use of Reflexes29

3．Assimilation:Basi Fact of Psychic Life42

Ⅱ．THE SECOND STAGE:THE FIRST ACQUIRED ADAPTA-TIONS AND THE PRIMARY CIRCULAR REACTION47

1．Acquired Sucking Habits49

2．Vision62

3．Phonat-on and Hearing76

4．Prehension88

5．The First Acquired Adaptations:Conclu-sions122

Part ⅡTHE INTENTIONAL SENSORIMOTOR ADAPTATIONS145

Ⅲ．THE THIRD STAGE:THE"SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTIONS"AND THE PROCEDURES DESTINED TO MAKE INTERESTING SIGHTS LAST153

1．The"Secondary Circular Reactions"—Ⅰ.The Facts and Reproductive Assimilations157

2．The Secondary Circular Reactions—Ⅱ.Ac-commodation and Organization of the Sche-mata174

3．Recognitory Assimilation and the System of Meanings185

4．Generalizing Assimilation and the Constitu-tion of"Procedures to Make Interesting Spec-tacles Last"196

Ⅳ．THE FOURTH STAGE:THE CO？RDINATION OF THE SECONDARY SCHEMATA AND THEIR APPLICATION TO NEW SITUATIONS210

1．The"Application of Familiar Schemata to New Situations"—Ⅰ.The Facts212

2．The"Application of Familiar Schemata to New Situations"—Ⅱ.Commentary225

3．Assimilation,Accommodation and Organiza-tion Peculiar to the Mobile Schemata236

4．The Recognition of Signs and Their Utili-zation in Prevision247

5．The Exploration of New Objects and Phe-nomena and the"Derived"Secondary Reac-tions253

Ⅴ．THE FIFTH STAGE:THE"TERTIARY CIRCULAR RE-ACTION"AND THE"DISCOVERY OF NEW MEANS THROUGH ACTIVE EXPERIMENTATION"263

1．The Tertiary Circular Reaction265

2．The Discovery of New Means by Experimen-tation—Ⅰ.The"Sting"and the"Stick"279

3．The Discovery of New Means Through Ac-tive Experimentation—Ⅱ.Other Examples305

4．The Discovery of New Means Through Ac-tive Experimentation—Ⅲ.Conclusions320

Ⅵ．THE SIXTH STAGE:THE INVENTION OF NEW MEANS THROUGH MENTAL COMBINATIONS331

1．The Facts333

2．Invention and Representation341

Conclusions"SENSORIMOTOR"OR"PRACTICAL"IN-TELLIGENCE AND THE THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE357

1．Associationist Empiricism359

2．Vitalistic Intellectualism369

3．Apriority and the Psychology of Form376

4．The Theory of Groping395

5．The Theory of Assimilation407

Index421