《无政府、国家与乌托邦 英文 7》求取 ⇩

PART ⅠState-of-Nature Theory,or How to Back into a State without Really Trying3

1．Why State-of-Nature Theory?3

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY4

EXPLANATORY POLITICAL THEORY6

2．The State of Nature10

PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS12

THE DOMINANT PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION15

INVISIBLE-HAND EXPLANATIONS18

IS THE DOMINANT PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION A STATE?22

3．Moral Constraints and the State26

THE MINIMAL STATE AND THE ULTRAMINIMAL STATE26

MORAL CONSTRAINTS AND MORAL GOALS28

WHY SIDE CONSTRAINTS?30

LIBERTARIAN CONSTRAINTS33

CONSTRAINTS AND ANIMALS35

THE EXPERIENCE MACHINE42

UNDERDETERMINATION OF MORAL THEORY45

WHAT ARE CONSTRAINTS BASED UPON?48

THE INDIVIDUALIST ANARCHIST51

4．Prohibition,Compensation,and Risk54

INDEPENDFNTS AND THE DOMINANT PROTECTIVE AGENCY54

PROHIBITION AND COMPENSATION57

WHY EVER PROHIBIT?58

RETRIBUTIVE AND DETERRFNCE THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT59

DIVIDING THE BENEFITS OF EXCHANGE63

FEAR AND PROHIBITION65

WHY NOT ALWAYS PROHIBIT?71

RISK73

THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPENSATION78

PRODUCTIVE EXCHANGE84

5．The State88

PROHIBITING PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT OF JUSTICE88

"THE PRINCIPLE OF FAIRNESS"90

PROCEDURAL RIGHTS96

HOW MAY THE DOMINANT AGENCY ACT?101

THE DE FACTO MONOPOLY108

PROTECTING OTHERS110

THE STATE113

THE INVISIBLE-HAND EXPLANATION OF THE STATE118

6．Further Considerations on the Argument for the State120

STOPPING THE PROCESS?120

PREEMPTIVE ATTACK126

BEHAVIOR IN THE PROCESS130

LEGITIMACY133

THE RIGHT OF ALL TO PUNISH137

PREVENTIVE RESTRAINT142

PART ⅡBeyond the Minimal State?142

7．Distributive Justice149

SECTION Ⅰ:150

THE ENTITLEMENT THEORY150

HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES AND END-RESULT PRINCIPLES153

PATTERNING155

HOW LIBERTY UPSETS PATTERNS160

SEN'S ARGUMENT164

REDISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS167

LOCKE'S THEORY OF ACQUISITION174

THE PROVISO178

SEC7ION Ⅱ:183

RAWLS'THEORY183

SOCIAL COOPERATION183

TERMS OF COOPERATION AND THE DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE189

THE ORIGINAL POSITION AND END-RESULT PRINCIPLES198

MACRO AND MICRO204

NATURAL ASSETS AND ARBITRARINESS213

THE POSITIVE ARGUMENT216

THE NEGATIVE ARGUMENT224

COLLECTIVE ASSETS228

8．Equality,Envy,Exploitation,Etc.232

EQUALITY232

EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY235

SELF-ESTEEM AND ENVY239

MEANINGFUL WORK246

WORKERS'CONTROL250

MARXIAN EXPLOITATION253

VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE262

PHILANTHROPY265

HAVING A SAY OVER WHAT AFFECTS YOU268

THE NONNEUTRAL STATE271

HOW REDISTRIBUTION OPERATES274

9．Demoktesis276

CONSISTENCY AND PARALLEL EXAMPLES277

THE MORE-THAN-MINIMAL STATE DERIVED280

HYPOTHETICAL HISTORIES292

PART ⅢUtopia292

10．A Framework for Utopia297

THE MODEL297

THE MODEL PROJECTED ONTO OUR WORLD307

THE FRAMEWORK309

DESIGN DEVICES AND FILTER DEVICES312

THE FRAMEWORK AS UTOPIAN COMMON GROUND317

COMMUNITY AND NATION320

COMMUNITIES WHICH CHANGE323

TOTAL COMMUNITIES325

UTOPIAN MEANS AND ENDS326

HOW UTOPIA WORKS OUT331

UTOPIA AND THE MINIMAL STATE333

Notes335

Bibliography355

Index361