《Jurisprudence》求取 ⇩

PART Ⅰ HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAW3

Chapter Ⅰ. Greek and Roman Legal Theory3

1. Early Greek Theory3

2. Plato's View of the Law6

3. The Aristotelian Theory of Law10

4. The Stoic Law of Nature13

Chapter Ⅱ. Legal Philosophy in the Middle Ages21

5. Early Christian Doctrine21

6. The Thomist Philosophy of Law23

7. The Medieval Nominalists26

Chapter Ⅲ. The Classical Era of Natural Law31

8. Introduction31

9. Grotius and Pufendorf35

10. Hobbes and Spinoza39

11. Locke and Montesquieu45

12. The Philosophy of Natural Rights in the United States49

13. Rousseau and His Influence53

14. Practical Achievements of the Classical Law-of-Nature School,57

Chapter Ⅳ. German Transcendental Idealism60

15. The Legal Philosophy of Kant60

16. The Legal Philosophy of Fichte64

17. Hegel's Philosophy of Law and the State65

Chapter Ⅴ. Historical and Evolutionary Theories of Law70

18. Savigny and the Historical School in Germany70

19. The Historical School in England and the United States74

20. Spencer's Evolutionary Theory of Law77

21. The Marxian Doctrine of Law79

Chapter Ⅵ. Utilitarianism84

22. Bentham and Mill84

23. Jhering88

Chapter Ⅶ. Analytical Positivism91

24. What Is Positivism?91

25. John Austin and the Analytical School of Law95

26. The Pure Theory of Law100

27. Neo-analytic and Linguistic Jurisprudence104

Chapter Ⅷ. Sociological Jurisprudence and Legal Realism111

28. Sociological and Psychological Theories of Law in Europe111

29. The Jurisprudence of Interests and the Free-Law Movement115

30. Pound's Sociological Jurisprudence118

31. Cardozo and Holmes120

32. American Legal Realism124

33. Scandinavian Legal Realism128

Chapter Ⅸ. The Revival of Natural Law and Value-Oriented Jurisprudence 134.134

34. Neo-Kantian Natural Law134

35. Neo-Scholastic Natural Law142

36. Duguit's Legal Philosophy147

37. The Policy-Science of Lasswell and McDougal148

38. Other Recent Value-Oriented Philosophies of Law151

39. Concluding Observations162

PART Ⅱ THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE LAW171

Chapter Ⅹ. The Need for Order171

40. Introduction171

41. The Prevalence of Orderly Patterns in Nature172

42. Order in Individual and Social Life175

43. The Psychological Roots of the Need for Order178

44. Anarchy and Despotism181

45. The Element of Generality in Law184

46. The Striving of the Law for Independence and Autonomy192

Chapter Ⅺ. The Quest for Justice195

47. The Protean Face of Justice195

48. Justice and Rationality201

49. The Conceptual Scope of Justice207

50. Justice and Natural Law214

51. Justice and Freedom222

52. Justice and Equality229

53. Justice and Security236

54. Justice and the Common Good240

Chapter Ⅻ. Law as a Synthesis of Order and Justice246

55. The Relation between Order and Justice246

56. Stability and Change in Law253

57. The Imperative and the Societal Elements in Law256

58. The Validity of Legal Norms259

59. The Sig-nificance of Sanctions269

Chapter ⅩⅢ. Law as Distinguished from Other Agencies of Social Control277

60. Law and Power277

61. Law and Administration284

62. Law and Morality290

63. Law and Custom, 300.305

Chapter ⅩⅣ. The Benefits and Drawbacks of the Rule of Law305

64. The Channeling of Creative Human Energies305

65. The Promotion of Peace308

66. The Adjustment of Conflicting Interests311

67. The Drawbacks of the Law315

PART Ⅲ THE SOURCES AND TECHNIQUES OF THE LAW323

Chapter ⅩⅤ. The Formal Sources of the Law323

68. Introduction323

69. Legislation326

70. Delegated and Autonomic Legislation330

71. Treaties and Other Consensual Agreements334

72. Precedent341

Chapter ⅩⅥ. The Nonformal Sources of the Law346

73. Introduction346

74. Standards of Justice350

75. Reason and the Nature of Things357

76. Individual Equity363

77. Public Policies, Moral Convictions, and Social Trends367

78. Customary Law372

Chapter ⅩⅦ. Law and Scientific Method379

79. The Formation of Concepts379

80. Analytical Reasoning385

81. Dialectical Reasoning392

82. The Role of Value Judgments in the Law397

83. The Aims of Legal Education401

Chapter ⅩⅧ. The Techniques of the Judicial Process404

84. The Interpretation of Constitutions404

85. The Interpretation of Statutes413

86. The Doctrine of Stare Decisis425

87. The Ratio Decidendi of a Case432

88. Discovery and Creation in the Judicial Process439

Table of Cases445

Index of Names448

Index of Subjects456