《Technology transfer and international law》

1 AN OVERVIEW1

Disparity in the Global Distribution of Advanced Technology4

Legal Issues: Concentration and Diffusion of Advanced Technology5

Outline of the Study6

Notes11

2 THE DYNAMICS OF TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION: ELEMENTS AND CONSEQUENCES14

Participants16

Nation-States17

Private Business Associations17

National and International Organizations18

Private Associations19

Individuals19

Objectives20

Demands20

Identifications22

Expectations23

Situations23

Base Values25

Strategies25

Economic Instruments26

Diplomatic Instruments26

Ideological Instruments26

Skill Outcomes27

Proprietary Skills28

Nonproprietary Skills29

Social Technology31

Long-Term Effects35

Conditioning Factors36

The Physical and Biological Environment36

The Social Environment36

Notes37

3 THE LEGAL PROCESS: ITS BEARING UPON THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TECHNOLOGY43

The Decision Makers45

Perspectives of Decision Makers45

Decision Settings47

Policy Instruments48

Decision Outcomes49

Decision Functions49

Intelligence49

Promotion50

Prescription50

Demands for Change51

Notes53

4 TRENDS IN LEGAL REGIMES: ORIGINS OF THE PATENT SYSTEM56

The English Experience56

The American Experience59

The International Regime of Exclusive Rights before the Paris Convention60

The Regime of the Paris Convention64

Congress of Vienna (1873)64

The 1880 International Conference (Paris)65

Major Provisions of the Paris Convention65

Patent Rights65

Restrictions on Patent Rights66

Designs, Models, and Trademarks66

Notes67

5 THE THIRD WORLD RESPONSE TO THE EXISTING TRANSNATIONAL REGIME70

National Measures71

Argentina71

Brazil72

Nigeria72

Regional Measures73

International Measures73

Notes74

6 FACTORS CONDITIONING INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT OVER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY76

The Genesis of Consensual Conflict: The Politicization of Information Production and Distribution77

Nonconsensual Conflict84

Economic Liberalism85

Mercantilism86

Marxism89

Summary89

Notes90

7 CRITERIA FOR APPRAISAL OF LEGAL REGIMES AND INSTITUTIONAL PRACTICES93

Observational Standpoint93

Clarification of the Common Interest94

Traditional Policy Foundations: The Social Function of Monopoly Rights over Information Resources97

The Risk Argument98

The Just Reward System Argument99

The Disclosure Argument99

The Natural Property Right Argument100

Suggested Policy Goals103

The Protection of the Common Interest105

The Goal of Environmental Policy107

Procedural Goal: The Principle of Contextuality108

Notes108

8 EVALUATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGIME AND CRITIQUE OF THE THIRD WORLD RESPONSE113

General Observations on the International Regime114

The Third World Response: A Model of Failure119

Notes130

9 WHITHER?134

Projection of Probable Future Developments in the Legal-cum-Decision Process134

Technology: Context and Appropriateness137

Domestic Institutional Reconfiguration140

Toward an International Technological Development Trust141

Notes143

10 DOMESTIC RECONFIGURATION IN THE THIRD WORLD: PRIORITIES FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER146

The Administrative Role147

Entrepreneurial Role and Initiating Entities151

Introduction of the Entrepreneurial Role151

Factors Conditioning the Performance of Initiating Institutions154

Strategies for the Future156

Educational Programming159

The Strategic Importance of Education160

Policy Alternatives for the Future162

Public Health Programming165

National and International Trends166

Appraisal, Conditions, and Projections167

Alternative Systems for the Future169

Notes170

CONCLUSION177

ABOUT THE AUTHOR178