《THE ELEMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW》

SECTION Ⅰ NATURE， SOURCES， AND APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW1

NATURE2

SOURCES4

Statute of the International Court of Justice （Art.38 59）， 19456

Asylum Case （Colombia v.Peru）， International Court of Justice， 19506

Customary Law and Treaty Law， Statement of U.S.Representative to U.N.General Assembly Legal Committee， 19629

APPLICATION11

National Power to Adjudicate11

Constitution of the United States， 1789 （Art.Ⅰ， Sec.8； Art.Ⅲ， Sec.2；Art.Ⅵ）12

The Paquete Habana and The Lola， U.S.Supreme Court， 190013

Constitution of Japan， 1946 （Art.98）16

Constitution of the Italian Republic， 1948 （Art.10 11）16

Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany， 1949 （Art.24 25）17

International Power to Adjudicate18

Statute of the International Court of Justice， 1945 （Art.36 37）21

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Case， International Court of Justice， 195222

The International Military Tribunal， 194529

Court of Justice of the European Communities （Article by Peter EHerzog）31

Humblet v.Belgium， Court of Justice of the European Communities， 196035

Costa v.E.N.E.L.， Court of Justice of the European Communities， 196439

International Ajudication of Human Rights42

European Court of Human Rights， European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms， 195042

SECTION Ⅱ THE LEGAL PERSONALITY OF STATES AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS45

RECOGNITION OF STATES46

State Personality47

Damara Mullart v.Oregon （Estate of August Kasendorf）， 196147

RECOGNITION OF GOVERNMENTS52

De Facto and de Jure Gouernment Salimoff Company v.Standard Oil Company， New York Court of Ap-peals， 193354

Two Gouernments of One State57

Bank of China v.Wells Fargo Bank Union Trust Company， U.S.District Court， 195257

Recognition and Representation64

Legal Aspects of Representation in the United Nations （1）， Memorandum by the U.N.Secretary-General，195064

Legal Aspects of Representation in the United Nations （2）， Letter of the Permanent Representative of China to the Secretary-General， 195068

United States Policy with Respect to Mainland China， Statement of Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs， 196670

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS73

Reparations for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations，International Court of Justice， 194974

Balfour Guthrie Company v.United States， U.S.District Court， 195083

SECTION Ⅲ THE EFFECT OF TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS87

The Nature of Treaties90

South West Africa Cases， International Court of Justice， 196290

TREATIES AND MUNICIPAL LAWS99

Non Self-executing Treaty101

Sei Fujii v.California， Supreme Court of California， 1952101

Conflict o f Treaty and National Statute104

John T.Bill Company v.United States， Court of Customs and Patent Ap-peals， 1939104

Conflict o f Executiue Agreement and State Law108

United States v.Pink， U.S.Supreme Court， 1942108

REVISION AND RENUNCIATION OF TREATIES119

SUSPENSION AND TERMINATION120

Argento v.Horn， U.S.Court of Appeals 1957122

Zschernig v.Miller， Supreme Court.of Oregon， 1966125

SECTION Ⅳ JURISDICTION： TITLE AND TRANSFER OF SOVEREIGNTY131

EXERCISE OF SOVEREIGNTY135

Right of Passage over Indian Territory， International Courtof Justice， 1960135

TRUSTEESHIP142

Brunell v.United States， U.S.District Court， 1948143

Status of South-West Africa， International Court of Justice， 1950146

NEUTRALIZATION OF TERRITORY155

Antarctic Treaty， 1959156

Report of United States Observers on Inspection of Antarctic Stations，1963-64159

SECTION Ⅴ JURISDICTION： THE SEAS， VESSELS， SPACE，AND CARRIERS161

THE SEAS162

Territorial Seas165

Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone， 1958165

The High Seas and Vessels169

Convention on the High Seas， 1958169

United States v.California， U.S.Supreme Court， 1965173

McCulloch v.Sociedad Nacional de Marineros.de Honduras， U.S.Supreme Court，1963176

FISHERIES182

Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas， 1958183

Proposed U.S.12-Mile Fishery Zone， 1966185

CONTINENTAL SHELF187

Convention on the Continental Shelf， 1958188

AIR AND OUTER SPACE189

Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Air-craft， 1963191

Survey of Space Law， 1958194

Declaration of Legal Principles Governing Activities in Outer Space， 1963196

SECTION Ⅵ NATIONALITY： JURISDICTION OVER PERSONS199

International Subpoena Power and Extradition203

International Judicial Procedure， 1964203

Jiminez v.Aristigueta， U.S.Court of Appeals， 1962204

DUAL NATIONALITY AND EFFECTIVE BOND212

Dual Nationality214

Perkins v.Elg， U.S.Supreme Court， 1938214

Dual Allegiance219

Kawakita v.United States， U.S.Supreme Court， 1952219

Effectiue Bond o f Nationality225

Nottebohm Case （Liechtenstein v.Guatemala）， International Court of Justice， 1955225

STATELESSNESS236

EXPATRIATION237

United States ex rel.Schwarzkopf v.Uhl， U.S.Circuit Court of Appeals，1943238

DENATIONALIZATION242

Kennedy v.Mendoza-Martinez； Rusk v.Cort， U.S.Supreme Court， 1963243

SECTION Ⅶ HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMES254

INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION258

Lawless Case （Merits）， European Court of Human Rights， 1961258

“De Becker” Case， European Court of Human Rights， 1962264

INTERNATIONAL PUNISHMENT268

Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression， International Military Tribunal， 1947270

NATIONAL PUNISHMENT FOR UNIVERSAL CRIMES276

Attorney General v.Eichmann， Jerusalem District Court of Israel， 1961278

SECTION Ⅷ IMMUNITIES FROM JURISDICTION284

DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITIES285

Carrera v.Carrera， U.S.Court of Appeals， 1949287

Convention on Diplomatic Relations， 1961290

Statement on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations， 1965293

CONSULAR IMMUNITIES297

Waltier v.Thomson， U.S.District Court， 1960298

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations， 1963300

Republic of Finland v.Town of Pelham， New York Supreme Court， 1966304

SOVEREIGN IMMUNITIES305

Chemical Natural Resources v.Republic of Venezuela， Supreme Court of Pennsylvania， 1966307

Commercial Actiuities315

Victory Transport， Inc.， v.Comisaria General de Abastecimientos y Tras-portes， U.S.Court of Appeals， 1964315

Counterclaims by Souereigns321

National City Bank of New York v.Republic of China， U.S.Supreme Court， 1954321

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION IMMUNITIES326

Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations， 1946328

U.S.v.Melekh， U.S.District Court， 1960333

Lutcher， S.A.， v.Inter-American Development Bank， U.S.District Court for the District of Columbia， 1966341

SECTION Ⅸ INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS： PERSONAL INJURIES AND WAR DAMAGES343

LACK OF DILIGENT PROTECTION344

United States （Laura B.Janes） v.Mexico， General Claims Commission，1926346

WAR DAMAGES349

Italian Peace Treaty， 1947350

PROCEDURES ON INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS353

War Claims356

American Claims Arising out of World War Ⅱ， 1961356

Procedures359

Memorandum on Claims， U.S.Department of State， 1961359

Interhandel Case （Switzerland v.United States）， International Court of Justice， 1959361

SECTION Ⅹ INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS： BREACH OF CONTRACT AND EXPROPRIATION OF PROPERTY365

BREACHES OF CONTRACT366

EXPROPRIATION OF PROPERTY367

Nationalization of Property369

Claim of Silberg and Mogilanski， 1961369

Vesting and Sale of Assets374

United States Claims against Cuba， 1965374

Public Policy376

Pons v.Republic of Cuba， U.S.Court of Appeals， 1961376

ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE379

Banco Nacional de Cuba v.Sabbatino， U.S.Supreme Court， 1964383

Act of State Doctrine—U.S.Hickenlooper Amendment399

Banco Nacional de Cuba v.Farr， U.S.District Court， 1965399

RECOVERY FOR EXPROPRIATIONS408

Arbitration of Inuestment Disputes410

Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States， 1965410

SECTION ⅩⅠ THE LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL FORCE417

Laws of War419

Convention （No.V） respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powersand Persons in War on Land， 1907419

Convention （No.Ⅹ） concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War， 1907420

The Meaning of War422

Shneiderman v.Metropolitan Casualty Company of New York， Supreme Court Appellate Division， New York， 1961422

Effects of Formal Declaration of War， U.SDepartment of Defense， 1966.427

THE INTERNATIONAL MAINTENANCE OF PEACE430

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING SYSTEM431

Legal and Illegal War434

Covenant of the League of Nations， 1919434

THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING SYSTEM438

Charter of the United Nations， 1945440

Uniting for Peace Resolution， 1950445

REGIONAL PEACE-KEEPING446

OAS Application of Measures to Cuba， 1964447

Self-Defense448

Legality of United States Participation in Defense of Vietnam， 1966448

UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS455

THE MITIGATION OF WAR456

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field， 1949459

Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War， 1949463

The Law of Land Warfare， 1956464

Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere in Outer Space and under Water， 1963467

Immunization of Outer Space from Nuclear Weapons， 1963468

SECTION ⅩⅡ THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW470

UNITED NATIONS PRACTICE： CUSTOMARY LAW471

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS： POSITIVE LAW472

THE JUDICIAL PROCESS： INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION475

Certain Expenses of the United Nations， 1962477

South West Africa Cases （Ethiopia v.South Africa； Liberia v.South Africa）， International Court of Justice， 1966501

CONCLUSION526

INDEX527

INDEX527