《THE PRACTICE OF JAPAN IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 1961-1970》

Chapter 1INTERNATIONAL LAW IN GENERAL3

[1] International Law in General-Development of International Law3

[2] International Law in General-International Law and Municipal Law4

Chapter 2RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATES5

[3] Rights and Duties of States-Non-intervention-Security Treaty with the United States5

[4] Rights and Duties of States-Territorial Integrity-Middle East6

[5] Rights and Duties of States-Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources-Natural Resources in Adjacent Seas7

[6] Rights and Duties of States-Non-intervention-Violation of the United Nations Charter-Czechoslovak Case10

[7] Rights and Duties of States-Non-intervention-Violation of the United Nations Charter-Czechoslovak Case11

[8] Rights and Duties of States-Non-intervention-Violation of the United Nations Charter-Czechoslovak Case12

[9] Rights and Duties of States-Self-Determination-War in Vietnam-Geneva Agreements13

[10] Rights and Duties of States-Principles and Purposes of the United Nations Charter-Non-Use of Force-Non-intervention in Domestic Affairs13

[11] Rights and Duties of States-Sovereign Equality-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States14

[12] Rights and Duties of States-Non-Use of Force-Self-Determination-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States16

[13] Rights and Duties of States-Non-intervention-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States17

[14] Rights and Duties of States-Principles of the United Nations Charter-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States18

[15] Rights and Duties of States-Self-Determination-Non-Use of Force-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States20

Chapter 3RECOGNITION22

[16] Recognition-Recognition of State-de facto Recognition-Mongolia22

[17] Recognition-Recognition of Government-Representation in the United Nations-Yemen22

[18] Recognition-Recognition of State-Divided States-de facto Authorities-Republic of Korea-People's Democratic Republic of Korea23

[19] Recognition-Recognition of State-North Vietnam24

[20] Recognition-Recognition of State-Republic of Korea25

[21] Recognition-Recognition of State-Illegal Regime-Rhodesia25

[22] Recognition-Recognition of Government-Republic of Korea26

[23] Recognition-Recognition of State-de facto Recognition-Mongolia28

[24] Recognition-Recognition of State-de facto Recognition-Mongolia28

[25] Recognition-Recognition of State-Divided State29

[26] Recognition-Recognition of State-Illegal Regime-Southern Rhodesia30

[27] Recognition-Recognition of Government-China-Republic of China(Taiwan)-Peace Treaty with Republic of China31

Chapter 4STATE SUCCESSION34

[28] State Succession-Reparation-Waiver of Claims-Article 14 of the Peace Treaty-Burma34

[29] State Succession-Succession with Respect to Treaties-Application of Treaties to Expanded Territories-International Tax Treaty-Sarawak36

[30] State Succession-Succession with Respect to Treaties-Reparation-Waiver of Claims-Article 14 of the Peace Treaty-Singapore37

[31] State Succession-Succession with Respect to Treaties-Air Service Agreement-Singapore38

Chapter 5STATE RESPONSIBILITY41

[32] State Responsibility-Nuclear Bomb Tests41

[33] State Responsibility-Nuclear Bomb Tests42

[34] State Responsibility-Protection of Foreign Property-Revolutionary Government42

[35] State Responsibility-Nuclear Bomb Tests43

Chapter 6JURISDICTION44

[36] Jurisdiction-Status of Foreign Armed Forces-Security Treaty with the United States44

[37] Jurisdiction-High Seas-Public Vessel44

[38] Jurisdiction-High Seas-Public Vessel46

Chapter 7TERRITORY49

Section 1.Northern Territories49

[39]Territory-Northern Territores-Peace Treaty,Article 2(c)50

[40] Territory-Northern Territories-Peace Treaty,Article 2(c)57

[41] Territory-Northern Territories-Peace Treaty,Article 2(c)61

[42] Territory-Northern Territories-Kitajima Maru Case63

[43] Territory-Northern Territories63

[44] Territory-Northern Territories64

[45] Territory-Northern Territories65

Section 2.Takeshima67

[46]Territory-Takeshima-Acquisition of Territory68

[47] Territory-Takeshima71

Section 3.Senkaku Islands71

[48]Territory-Senkaku Islands-Title to Territory73

[49] Territory-Senkaku Islands-Title to Territory-Non-Existence of Dispute75

Section 4.Okinawa(Ryukyu Islands)76

[50]Territory-Okinawa-Residual Sovereignty-Peace Treaty,Article 377

[51] Territory-Okinawa-Trust Territories-Peace Treaty,Article 379

[52] Territory-Okinawa-Residual Sovereignty-Nationality-Peace Treaty,Article 380

[53] Territory-Okinawa-Reversion to Japan81

[54] Territory-Okinawa-Administration by the United States81

[55] Territory-Okinawa-Nationality-Diplomatic Protection86

[56] Territory-Okinawa-Trusteeship System86

[57] Territory-Okinawa-Security Treaty with the United States87

[58] Territory-Okinawa-Right of Self-Defense88

[59] Territory-Okinawa-Self-Defense-Self-Defense Forces89

[60] Territory-Okinawa-Peace Treaty,Article 3-Trusteeship System90

[61] Territory-Okinawa-Revision of Treaties-Peace Treaty,Article 391

[62] Territory-Okinawa-Passport of the Inhabitants92

[63] Territory-Okinawa-Vessels Registered in Okinawa92

[64] Territory-Okinawa-Residual Sovereignty-Peace Treaty,Article 393

[65] Territory-Okinawa-Vessels Registered in Okinawa94

[66] Territory-Okinawa-Passport of the Inhabitants-Diplomatic Protection95

[67] Territory-Okinawa-Human Rights-Inhabitants of Okinawa96

Section 5.Bonin Islands(Ogasawara Islands)97

[68]Territory-Bonin Islands-Settlement of Claims-Peace Treaty,Article 397

Section 6.Taiwan(Formosa)98

[69]Territory-Taiwan-Peace Treaty,Article 2(b)98

[70] Territory-Taiwan-Peace Treaty,Article 2(b)98

Section 7.Mandated Territory99

[71]Territory-Mandated Territory-Pacific Islands-Peace Treaty,Article 4(a)100

[72] Territory-Mandated Territory-Pacific Islands101

Section 8.South West Africa(Namibia)103

[73]Territory-South West Africa(Namibia)-International Status of Namibia103

[74] Territory-South West Africa(Namibia)-International Status of Namibia105

[75] Territory-South West Africa(Namibia)-International Status of Namibia107

Chapter 8SEAS109

Section 1.Law of the Sea in General109

[76]Seas-Law of the Sea in General-Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea-Accession to the Law of the Sea Conventions109

[77] Seas-Law of the Sea in General-Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea-Accession to the Law of the Sea Conventions109

Section 2.High Seas110

[78]Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Launching of Rockets-Danger Area110

[79] Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Nuclear Bomb Tests-Danger Area112

[80] Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Launching of Rockets-Danger Area114

[81] Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Launching of Rockets-Danger Area115

[82] Seas-High Seas-Attack on Naval Vessel-Self-Defense116

[83] Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Launching of Rockets-Danger Area117

[84] Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Naval Maneuvers118

[85] Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Naval Maneuvers118

[86] Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Bombardment Exercise-Danger Area119

[87] Seas-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-United Nations Sea-Bed Committee119

[88] Seas-High Seas-Use of High Seas120

Section 3.High Seas Fisheries121

i.High Seas Fisheries in General121

[89]Seas-High Seas Fisheries-Fishery Management-FAO121

ii.International North Pacific Fisheries Convention124

[90] Seas-High Seas Fisheries-International North Pacific Fisheries Convention-Principle of Abstention126

[91] Seas-High Seas Fisheries-International North Pacific Fisheries Convention-Principle of Abstention-Revision130

[92] Seas-High Seas Fisheries-International North Pacific Fisheres Convention-Principle of Abstention-Revision132

[93] Seas-High Seas Fisheries-International North Pacific Fisheries Convention-Principle of Abstention-Revision135

Section 4.Regime of the Territorial Sea136

[94]Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Foreign Fishing in Territorial Sea-Republic of Korea136

[95] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule-Fishery Zone-Outer Six-Mile Zone136

[96] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Fishing-New Zealand137

[97] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule-Seizure of Fishing Vessels-Republic of Korea138

[98] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule-Fishery Zone139

[99] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule-Fishery Zone140

[100] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule-Nigeria140

[101] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule-Mauritania141

[102] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Fishing by Foreign Nationals in the Territorial Sea142

[103] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule143

[104] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Innocent Passage-Passage of Warships-Passage of Warships with Nuclear Weapons144

[105] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Internal Waters-Legal Status of the Inland Sea-Historic Waters146

[106] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Straits-Strait of Tsugaru-Historic Waters147

[107] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule-Unilateral Extension of the Territorial Sea147

[108] Seas-Regime of the Territorial Sea-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Three-Mile Rule148

Section 5.Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction149

[109]Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Canada149

[110] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Hot Pursuit-Republic of Korea150

[111] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Rhee Line-Agreement on Fisheries-Republic of Korea150

[112] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Fisheries Dispute-New Zealand151

[113] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Bartlett Act-United States153

[114] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Fisheries Dispute-New Zealand-Reference to ICJ153

[115] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Republic of Korea154

[116] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Fishery Zone155

[117] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Seizure of Vessels-Hot Pursuit-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Contiguous Zone-Republic of Korea156

[118] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-United States158

[119] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-New Zealand159

[120] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Three-Mile Rule-Mexico161

[121] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fisheries Zone-Australia161

[122] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Archipelagic Waters-Fisheries Agreement-Non-Governmental Agreement-Indonesia164

[123] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Fisheries Agreement-Mexico165

[124] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Fisheries Agreement-Mexico166

[125] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Seizure of Fishing Vessels-United States167

[126] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Violation of Territorial Seas-USSR168

[127] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Seizure of Fishing Vessels-USSR169

[128] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Twelve-Mile Fishery Zone-Seizure of Fishing Vessels-United States169

[129] Seas-Coastal Fishery Jurisdiction-Fishery Zone169

Section 6.Continental Shelf170

[130]Seas-Continental Shelf-Resources of the Continental Shelf-Sedentary Species170

[131] Seas-Continental Shelf-Resources of the Continental Shelf-Sedentary Species176

[132] Seas-Continental Shelf-Resources of the Continental Shelf-Sedentary Species-Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea177

[133] Seas-Continental Shelf-Resources of the Continental Shelf-Sedentary Species178

[134] Seas-Continental Shelf-Outer Limit of the Continental Shelf179

[135] Seas-Continental Shelf-Treaty on the Prohibition of Military Use of Sea Bed179

Section 7.Deep Ocean Floor180

[136]Seas-Deep Ocean Floor-United Nations SeaBed Committee180

[137] Seas-Deep Ocean Floor-High Seas-Military Use-International Ocean Decade181

[138] Seas-Deep Ocean Floor-High Seas-Freedom of the High Seas-Extent of the Territorial Sea-Third Law of the Sea Conference183

Chapter 9AIR SPACE AND OUTER SPACE189

Section 1.Air Space189

[139]Air Space and Outer Space-Air Space-State Aircraft-Right to Land-ICAO Convention189

[140] Air Space and Outer Space-Air Space-Aerial Hijacking-ICAO-Tokyo Convention190

Section 2.Outer Space191

[141]Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-Rights and Duties of Launching State191

[142] Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-Peaceful Uses of Outer Space192

[143] Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-Peaceful Uses of Outer Space-Return of Space Vehicles193

[144] Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-Outer Space Treaty199

[145] Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-Definition of Outer Space-Outer Space Treaty201

[146] Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-State Responsibility-Liability for Damage203

[147] Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-State Responsibility-Liability for Damage-Measure of Compensation-Procedures for Settlement of Claims207

[148] Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-State Responsibility-Liability for Damage210

[149] Air Space and Outer Space-Outer Space-State Responsibility-Liability for Damage212

Chapter 10INDIVIDUALS215

[150] Individuals-Racial Discrimination-Apartheid-South Africa215

[151] Individuals-Asylum-Declaration on the Right of Asylum217

[152] Individuals-Admission of Aliens-Deportation of Aliens-Political Refugees-Asylum217

[153] Individuals-Asylum-Deportation of Aliens219

[154] Individuals-Human Rights-Apartheid220

[155] Individuals-Extradition-Extradition Act222

[156] Individuals-Aliens-Admission of Aliens223

[157] Individuals-Human Rights-Apartheid224

[158] Individuals-Asylum-Declaration on the Right of Asylum225

[159] Individuals-Human Rights-Apartheid-South West Africa(Namibia)228

[160] Individuals-Human Rights-Universal Declaration on Human Rights-Constitution of Japan229

[161] Individuals-Human Rights-Racial Discrimination-Human Rights in Japan230

[162] Individuals-Human Rights-Racial Discrimination-Apartheid-South Africa232

[163] Individuals-Extradition-Tokyo Convention-Extradition Treaty234

[164] Individuals-Human Rights-Racial Discrimination-Apartheid-South Africa235

Chapter 11DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS AND PRIVILEGES238

[165] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Diplomatic Intercourse-Interests of Third States238

[166] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations-Exemption of Indirect Tax238

[167] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Diplomatic Intercourse-Interests of Third States239

[168] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Diplomatic Asylum-Inviolability of Mission239

[169] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Immunity from Civil Jurisdiction-Automobile Accident240

[170] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Consular Privileges and Immunities-Vienna Convention on Consular Relations-Bilateral Consular Convention241

[171] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Diplomatic Immunities-Automobile Accident-Damages for Liability242

[172] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Consular Privileges and Immunities-Status of Consular Agents-Consular Convention with the USSR243

[173] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Diplomatic Asylum-Premises of the Mission245

[174] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Consular Privileges and Immunities-Consular Convention with the USSR247

[175] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Consular Privileges and Immunities250

[176] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Special Missions250

[177] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Special Missions255

[178] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Special Missions-Privileges and Immunities of Members of the Family256

[179] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Relations between States and International Organizations-Permanent Mission-Permanent Observers258

[180] Diplomatic Relations and Privileges-Relations between States and International Organizations-Permanent Observers261

Chapter 12TREATIES264

[181] Treaties-Reservation to Treaties-Objection to Reservation-International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea264

[182] Treaties-Validity of Treaties-Unilateral Denudation of Treaties-Four-Power Agreement on Berlin265

[183] Treaties-Effect of Treaties-Conflict with General Assembly Resolution265

[184] Treaties-Multilateral Treaties-Extended Participation in Treaties-Accession to Treaties266

[185] Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties-Code on the Law of Treaties269

[186] Treaties-Definition of Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties270

[187] Treaties-Capacity to Conclude Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties271

[188] Treaties-Procedures for Conclusion of Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties271

[189] Treaties-Obligation Prior to Entry into Force of Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties273

[190] Treaties-Reservation to Multilateral Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties274

[191] Treaties-Entry into Force of Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties276

[192] Treaties-Registration of Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties276

[193] Treaties-Correction of Errors in Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties277

[194] Treaties-Functions of Depository of Multilateral Treaties-ILC Draft on the Law of Treaties277

[195] Treaties-Conclusion of Treaties-Treaty-Making Procedure in Japan-Requirement of Parliamentary Approval278

[196] Treaties-Conclusion of Treaties-Initialling-Treaty-Making Procedure in Japan278

[197] Treaties-Validity of Treaties-Treaty on Basic Relations with the Republic of Korea-Republic of Korea279

[198] Treaties-Effect of Treaties-Effect of Treaties upon Third States-Unilateral Declaration-Geneva Agreements280

[199] Treaties-Multilateral Treaties-Extended Participation in Treaties-Accession to Treaties281

[200] Treaties-Convention on the Law of Treaties-ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties282

[201] Treaties-Conclusion of Treaties-Participation in Treaties-Treaty-Making Procedure in Japan-Requirement of Parliamentary Approval283

Chapter 13INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS285

[202] International Organizations-International Officials-United Nations Secretary-General-Troika Formula285

[203] International Organizations-United Nations Charter,Article 73-Non-Self-Governing Territories-Portugal286

[204] International Organizations-United Nations Charter,Chapters Ⅺ and Ⅻ-Trust Territories-Non-Self-Governing Territories-Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples287

[205] International Organizations-Representation of China in the United Nations289

[206] International Organizations-United Nations Charter,Article 2(7)-Domestic Jurisdiction-Racial Discrimination-Republic of South Africa290

[207] International Organizations-United Nations Charter,Articles 17(2) and 18(2)-Competence of the General Assembly-Case concerning Certain Expenses of the United Nations291

[208] International Organizations-United Nations Charter,Article 17(2)-Competence of the General Assembly-Case concerning Certain Expenses of the United Nations293

[209] International Organizations-United Nations Forces-Dispatch Abroad of Self-Defense Forces-Constitution of Japan,Article 9294

[210] International Organizations-Representation of China in the United Nations296

[211] International Organizations-Sanctions Resolution of the United Nations Security Council-Republic of South Africa298

[212] International Organizations-Responsibilities of the United Nations General Assembly-Responsibilities of the United Nations Security Council-Republic of South Africa299

[213] International Organizations-Expulsion from the United Nations-Republic of South Africa301

[214] International Organizations-United Nations Forces-North Korea302

[215] International Organizations-United Nations Forces-Participation of the Self-Defense Forces in the United Nations Forces-Constitution of Japan,Article 9303

[216] International Organizations-Revision of the United Nations Charter-Ex-Enemy State Clauses304

[217] International Organizations-Representation of China in the United Nations305

[218] International Organizations-United Nations Charter,Articles 53 and 107-Ex-Enemy State Clauses307

[219] International Organizations-United Nations Charter,Article 19-Expenses of the United Nations308

[220] International Organizations-Maintenance of International Peace and Security-Responsibilities of the United Nations Security Council-Responsibilities of the United Nations General Assembly308

[221] International Organizations-Economic Sanctions-Competence of the United Nations General Assembly-Republic of South Africa310

[222] International Organizations-United Nations Charter,Article 78-Trusteeship System311

[223] International Organizations-United Nations Economic Sanctions-Rhodesia311

[224] International Organizations-United Nations Forces-Constitution of Japan,Article 9312

[225] International Organizations-Representation of China in the United Nations-Effect of Decision of the United Nations General Assembly314

[226] International Organizations-United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations-Expenses of the United Nations315

[227] International Organizations-Economic Sanctions-Resolution of the United Nations Security Council-Southern Rhodesia316

[228] International Organizations-Principles of the United Nations Charter317

[229] International Organizations-Important Question-Article 18 of the Charter-Representation of China in the United Nations317

[230] International Organizations-Economic Sanctions by the United Nations-Southern Rhodesia318

[231] International Organizations-Important Question-Article 18 of the Charter-Representation of China in the United Nations320

[232] International Organizations-United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations-Expenses of the United Nations321

[233] International Organizations-United Nations Forces-Korea322

[234] International Organizations-Review of the United Nations Charter322

[235] International Organizations-Important Question-Article 18 of the Charter-Representation of China in the United Nations325

[236] International Organizations-Participation of Non-Members in the United Nations Debate-Korean Question327

[237] International Organizations-Review of the United Nations Charter-Ex-Enemy State Clauses332

[238] International Organizations-Review of the United Nations Charter333

[239] International Organizations-Review of the United Nations Charter-Strengthening of the Functions of the United Nations for Keeping Peace333

[240] International Organizations-Review of the United Nations Charter-Economic and Social Aspects of United Nations Activities337

[241] International Organizations-Review of the United Nations Charter-Obsolete Provisions in the United Nations Charter-Ex-Enemy State Clauses338

[242] International Organizations-Participation of Non-Members in the United Nations Debate-Korean Question339

[243] International Organizations-Review of Procedures of the United Nations General Assembly341

[244] International Organizations-Important Question-Article 18 of the Charter-Representation of China in the United Nations343

[245] International Organizations-United Nations Forces-Korea345

[246] International Organizations-Responsibilities of the United Nations-Maintenance of International Peace and Security-Korean Question346

[247] International Organizations-United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations349

Chapter 14SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES352

[248] Settlement of Disputes-International Court of Justice-Competence of the Court for Advisory Opinion-Case concerning Certain Expenses of the United Nations352

[249] Settlement of Disputes-Fact-Finding-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States352

[250] Settlement of Disputes-International Court of Justice353

[251] Settlement of Disputes-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States354

[252] Settlement of Disputes-International Court of Justice-Compulsory Jurisdiction-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States355

[253] Settlement of Disputes-United Nations Presence356

[254] Settlement of Disputes-International Court of Justice-Compulsory Jurisdiction-Advisory Opinion-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States358

[255] Settlement of Disputes-International Court of Justice-South West Africa Case363

[256] Settlement of Disputes-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States365

[257] Settlement of Disputes-International Court of Justice-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States366

[258] Settlement of Disputes-International Court of Justice-Review of the Role of the International Court of Justice367

Chapter 15USE OF FORCE372

[259] Use of Force-Definition of Aggression-Indirect Aggression372

[260] Use of Force-Aggression-Violation of Military Demarcation Lines-Geneva Agreement on Indochina-Vietnam373

[261] Use of Force-Aggression-Self-Defense-Vietnam374

[262] Use of Force-Aggression-Self-Defense-Vietnam375

[263] Use of Force-Aggression-Self-Defense-Collective Self-Defense-Vietnam-U.S.Action in Vietnam375

[264] Use of Force-Aggression-Self-Defense-Determination by the United Nations Security Council-Vietnam376

[265] Use of Force-Aggression-Self-Defense-Applicability of Article 51 of the Charter to Divided States-Vietnam377

[266] Use of Force-Aggression-Self-Defense-Applicability of Article 51 of United Nations Charter to Non-Members-Vietnam378

[267] Use of Force-Aggression-Self-Defense-Collective Self-Defense-United Nations Charter,Article 51-Requirement of Treaty Relationship-Vietnam378

[268] Use of Force-Aggression-Definition of Ag.gression in the United Nations380

[269] Use of Force-Aggression-Definition of Aggression in the United Nations381

[270] Use of Force-Self-Defense-United Nations Charter,Article 51-Legality of Preemptive Self-Defense383

[271] Use of Force-United Nations Charter,Article 2(4)-Scope of "Forces"-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States384

[272] Use of Force-Consequences of Illegal Use of Force-Non-Recognition-Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States386

[273] Use of Force-International Lines of Demarcation-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States387

[274] Use of Force-Self-Defense-Constitution of Japan,Article 9388

[275] Use of Force-International Lines of Demarcation-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States389

[276] Use of Force-Organization of Armed Bands-Instigation of Civil Strife and Terrorist Acts-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States390

[277] Use of Force-Military Occupation by Illegal Use of Force-Non-Recognition-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States390

[278] Use of Force-Use of Repressive Measures against Colonial Peoples-Declaration concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States391

[279] Use of Force-Aggression-Definition of Aggression in the United Nations392

[280] Use of Force-Aggression-Indirect Aggression-Definition of Aggression in the United Nations395

[281] Use of Force-Aggression-Power of the Security Council to Determine Aggression-Definition of Aggression in the United Nations396

[282] Use of Force-Aggression-animus aggressionis-Definition of Aggression in the United Nations396

[283] Use of Force-Aggression-Concept of First Strike-Definition of Aggression in the United Nations397

[284] Use of Force-Aggression-Legal Effect of Aggression-Non-Recognition-Definition of Aggression in the United Nations398

[285] Use of Force-Aggression-Self-Defense-Relationship between Article 39 and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter398

[286] Use of Force-Self-Defense-Concept of Armed Attack-Article 5 of the Security Treaty-Article 51 of the United Nations Charter400

Chapter 16WAR AND NEUTRALITY403

[287] War and Neutrality-Law of Warfare-Atomic Bombing-Legality of Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki-Hague Rules of Land Warfare403

[288] War and Neutrality-Law of Warfare-Use of Gas-Definition of Poisonous Gas-Geneva Protocol of 1925-Vietnam405

[289] War and Neutrality-Law of Neutrality-Vietnam405

[290] War and Neutrality-Law of Warfare-Use of Gas-Customary Rules of International Law-Hague Declaration of 1899-Geneva Protocol of 1925-Vietnam406

[291] War and Neutrality-War Crimes-Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes-Draft Convention on the Punishment of War Criminals in the United Nations407

[292] War and Neutrality-Definition of War409

[293] War and Neutrality-Law of Warfare-Respect for Human Rights in Armed Conflicts-Protection of Journalists410

Chapter 17DISARMAMENT413

[294] Disarmament-Nuclear Weapons-Non-Proliferation Treaty-Unequal Nature of Non-Proliferation Treaty-Guarantee of Security of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States413

[295] Disarmament-Nuclear Weapons-Non-Proliferation Treaty-Nuclear Disarmament414

[296] Disarmament-Nuclear Weapons-Non-Proliferation Treaty-Right to Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy416

[297] Disarmament-Nuclear Weapons-Non-Proliferation Treaty-Right to Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy418

[298] Disarmament-Nuclear Weapons-Comprehensive Nuclear Tests Ban419

[299] Disarmament-Nuclear Weapons-Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States-Security of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States-Nuclear Disarmament-Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy420

[300] Disarmament-Prohibition of Chemical and Biological Weapons422

[301] Disarmament-Prohibition of Military Use of the Sea Bed and Ocean Floor-Regions of Territorial Sea and High Seas422

[302] Disarmament-Prohibition of Military Use of the Sea Bed and Ocean Floor-Verification of the Observance of Treaty Provisions427

[303] Disarmament-Nuclear Disarmament-Cessation in the Production of Fissionable Materials429

[304] Disarmament-Chemical and Biological Weapons-Conference of the Committee on Disarmament432

[305] Disarmament-Chemical and Biological Weapons-A Draft Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,Production,and Stockpiling of Chemical and Bacteriological Weapons433

[306] Disarmament-Non-Proliferation Treaty-Security of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States-Nuclear Disarmament-Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy437

[307] Disarmament-Sea Bed-Treaty on the Prohibition of Military Use of Sea Beds441

Chapter 18SPECIAL PROBLEMS ARISING OUT OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR443

[308] Special Problems Arising out of the Second World War-Occupation-Economic Assistance in Occupied Territory-Settlement of U.S.Postwar Economic Assistance443

[309] Special Problems Arising out of the Second World War-Occupation-Respect for Private Property-Japanese Property in Korea444

Notes447

Index463