《修辞与作文》求取 ⇩

Introduction1

Chapter One Figures of Speech3

Ⅰ．Figures of Likeness4

1．Simile4

2．Metaphor6

3．Personification8

4．Allegory10

5．Fable13

6．Parable17

Ⅱ．Figures of Association20

1．Metonymy20

2．Synecdoche21

3．Hyperbole22

4．Apostrophe24

5．Vision24

6．Transferred Epithet25

Ⅲ．Figures of Contrast26

1．Antithesis26

2．Epigram27

3．Climax27

4．Interrogation28

5．Irony29

Ⅳ．Minor Figures31

1．Exclamation31

2．Euphemism31

3．Onomatopoeia32

4．Alliteration32

5．Litotes33

6．Pun33

7．Parallelism33

8．Tautology35

9．Oxymoron35

10．Paradox36

11．Zeugma38

12．Allusion39

Chapter Two Diction43

Ⅰ．Correctness43

1．Words Having the Same Sound but Differing from Each Other in Meaning44

2．Words Partially Similar in Sound45

3．Words with the Same Ending48

Ⅱ．Accuracy50

1．English Synonyms50

2．General and Specific Words58

Chapter Three Rhetorical SentencesⅠ．Kinds of Sentences61

1．Advantages of Periodic Sentences62

2．Advantages of Loose Sentences64

3．Advantages of Balanced Sentences66

Ⅱ．Length of Sentences67

1．Advantages of Short Sentences67

2．Advantages of Long Sentences69

3．Principle of Variety71

Chapter Four The Qualities of Good SentencesⅠ．Unity73

1．Too Much in a Sentence74

2．Too Little in a Sentence74

3．Careless Choice of Connectives75

4．Change in Point of View77

Ⅱ．Coherence78

1．Position of Modifiers78

2．Squinting Construction80

3．Obscure Pronouns80

4．Dangling Expression81

5．Improper Omission of Words82

6．Parallelism in Construction and Phrasing84

7．Run-together Sentences85

Ⅲ．Emphasis88

1．Inversion88

2．Exclamation89

3．Rhetorical Questions89

4．Repetition90

5．Antithesis90

6．Ellipsis90

7．Intensive Expressions91

8．Climax91

9．Periodic Sentences91

10．The"It is...that"Construction91

11．Emphatic Pronoun92

12．Emphatic"do"92

13．Italics92

14．Economy of Words93

Ⅳ．Euphony93

1．Repetition of Words94

2．Repetition of Sounds94

3．Rhyme95

4．Adaptation of the Sound to the Sense95

5．Interrogative Tone95

Chapter Five Paragraphs97

Ⅰ．The Paragraph97

1．What a Paragraph Is97

2．Length of the Paragraph101

3．Paragraphing of Dialogue102

4．Kinds of Paragraphs103

Ⅱ．Requirements of the Paragraph108

1．Unity in the Paragraph108

2．Coherence in the Paragraph114

3．Emphasis in the Paragraph119

Ⅲ．Methods of Paragraph Development121

1．Examples and Illustration122

2．Particulars and Details124

3．Comparison and Contrast124

4．Definition126

5．Repetition127

6．Cause and Effect128

7．Reasons128

8．Question and Answer129

Chapter Six Learning CompositionⅠ．Expressing Another Person's Thoughts132

1．Paraphrasing133

2．Condensing138

Ⅱ．Expressing Your Own Thoughts145

1．Choosing a Subject145

2．Choosing a Title146

3．Making Notes146

4．Making an Outline147

5．Expanding an Outline148

Chapter Seven Literary CompositionⅠ．Narration152

1．Narration of Facts154

A．Anecdote154

B．Biography and Autobiography156

C．Personal Reminiscence161

D．Incident of Personal Experience163

E．Accounts of Travel164

F．Accounts of Adventure165

G．News Stories167

H．Diaries168

2．Fiction169

A．Plot or Action169

B．Characters170

C．Setting or Background170

Ⅱ．Description174

1．Description of Object177

2．Description of Place178

3．Description of Person180

Chapter Eight Logical CompositionⅠ．Exposition182

1．Definitions183

2．Essays184

3．Book Reviews186

4．Character Sketches187

5．Expository Letters189

Ⅱ．Argument190

1．Argument Defined190

2．Types of Argument192

Bibliography199