《大学英文写作》

Preface to the Student1

Part One Mechanics3

Ⅰ． Margins and Paragraphing3

Ⅱ． Handwring5

Ⅲ．Syllabification6

Ⅳ．Abbreviation and Numerals7

Ⅴ．Capitalization11

Exercise 116

Part TwoPunctuation Marks21

Ⅰ．General Remarks21

Ⅱ．Line-bcginning Punctuation Marks23

Ⅲ．Sentence-ending Punctuation Marks23

1．The Period23

2．The Question Point25

3．The Exclamation Point26

1．The Comma27

Ⅳ．Internal Punctuation Marks27

Ⅰ．General Remarks29

2．The Semicolon34

3．The coln36

4．Quotation Marks39

5．The Dash40

6．Parentheses42

7．Brackets43

8．The Apostrophe44

9．The Hyphen45

10．The Virgule47

11．Italics/Underlining48

Ⅴ．Summary48

Exercise 250

Part ThreeDiction59

Ⅱ．Appropriateness60

1． Sense of Style60

2． Exactness67

1． Specificity72

Ⅲ．Speificity,Concreteness,and Conciseness72

2． Concreteness74

3． Conciseness76

Ⅳ．Imagery/Figures of Speech78

1．Metaphor and Simile78

2．Personification80

3．Hyperbole81

4．Euphemism81

Ⅴ．The Use of a Dictionary82

Exercise 386

Part FourSentence Writing93

Ⅰ．General Remarks93

1．Sentence Sense493

2．The Requirements of an Effective Sentence94

3．Sentence Elements100

4．Sentence Patterns102

Ⅱ．Parts of Speech and Their Respective Functions and Positions in a Sentence106

1．Phrases121

Ⅲ．Phrases,Clauses,and Sentence Fragments121

2．Clauses125

3．Recognizing and Avoiding Sentence Fragments128

Ⅳ．Classification of Sentences130

1．Declartive,Interrogative,Imperative,and Ex-clamatory Sentences131

2．Simple,Complex,Compound,and Compound-complex Sentences131

3．Loose,Periodic,Mixed,and Balanced Sentences132

4．Long and Short Sentences135

5．Recognizing and Avoiding Comma splice and Fused Sentences135

Ⅴ．Ways of Achieving Sentence Variety140

1．Combining by Reduction141

2．Combining by Coordination142

3．Parallelism147

4．Combining by Subordination150

5．Using Modifying Pharases152

6．Using Appositives155

Exercise 4156

Ⅰ．General Remarks175

Part FivePargraph Writing175

Ⅱ．Types of Paragraphs176

1．The Topical Parageaph177

2．The Transitional Paragraph178

3．TheTransitional Paragraph178

4．The Conclusion Paragraph179

Ⅲ．The Basic Sructure and the Qualities of a Good Topical Paragraph180

1．The Unity of a Paragraph181

3．The Supporting Sentences of aParagraph191

2．The Topic Sentences in a Pargraph191

4．The Conclusion Sentence of a Paragraph192

5．The Cherence of a Pargraph193

6．The Order of a Paragraph196

7．The Continuity of a Paragraph203

8．The Completeness of a Paragraph209

Ⅳ．Basic Steps Takin in Writing a ataopical Paragraph212

Ⅴ．Evalation of a Topical Paragraph214

Exercise 5215

Ⅰ．General Remarks237

Part Six Essay Writing237

Ⅱ．The Basic Structure of an Essay239

1．The Introduction239

2．The Body245

3．The Conclusion246

Ⅲ．Types of Writing248

1．Narration248

2．Description254

3．Expostion257

4．Argumentation260

Ⅳ．The Process of Writing an Essay263

Ⅴ．Evaluation of and Essay268

Exercise 6270

Part SevenLetter Writing279

Ⅰ．General Remarks279

Ⅱ．Addressing the Envelope280

1．The Heading284

Ⅲ．The Format of a Letter284

2．The DATE285

3．The Salutation286

4．The Body287

5．The Complimentary Close288

6．The Signature289

Ⅳ．Personal Letters and Social Letters290

1．Personal Letters290

2．Family Letters291

3．Friendly Letters294

4．Social Letters297

5．Note Writing305

Ⅴ．Business Letters307

1．The General Rules of Business Lettes307

2．The Format of a Business Letter309

3．Evaluation of a Letter318

4．Model Business Letters319

Exercise 7332

Part EightMiseellaneous Coposition Writing343

Ⅰ．Writing the Resume343

Ⅱ．Geneial Remarks About Diagratatnmatical Infouma-tion Transferring347

Ⅲ．Steps Taken in Diagrammatical Information Trans-ferring353

Ⅳ．Summary Writing355

1．General Remarks About Summary Wirting356

2．Summary Wrting Process357

Ⅴ．Strategies for Coping with a Writing Task in an Examination361

Exercise8368

Part NineAppendixes:373

Ⅰ．Corretion Symbols373

Ⅱ．Sample Pargraphs,Passages,Letters,Notes,etc375

Ⅲ．Raing Selections404

Ⅳ．The Fifty States of America and Their Abbrevia-tions431

Ⅴ．Writing Terms432

Key to Exereises445

Bibliography473