《Table 3.Effects of different inoculation treatments on rice samples.》

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《Infection and Colonization of Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium proliferatum in Rice Spikelet Rot Disease》

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Data are Mean±SD（n=3）.Different lowercase letters in the same column refer to significant differences at the 5%level.

After inoculated with the Fp-GFP11 strain，23.33%of samples showed a small amount of hyphae colonizing on the outer surfaces of the lemma and palea at 24HAI（Fig.4-A and Table 1），indicating that pathogens can colonize the rice spikelet surface.The hyphae colonized on the outer surfaces（Fig.4-B）and inner surfaces（Fig.4-C）of both the lemma and palea at 36HAI，confirming that the pathogen had the ability to penetrate the lemma and palea.Furthermore，the infection rate of the lemma and palea were alsosignificantly increased（Table 1）.Then，the hyphae were found to penetrate the anther epidermis（Fig.4-D）and extend between the pollen cells in the anthers at48 HAI（Fig.4-E），with 23.33%of the stamens infected（Table 1）.The hyphae penetrated and damaged the pollen cells，which were deformed and ruptured at 60 HAI（Fig.4-F）.The hyphae also extended to the pistils with the pollen cells（Fig.4-G）and 23.33%of the pistils was infected（Table 1）.Finally，the anthers were observed to be completely infected by the mycelial network at 72 HAI，and more internal pollen cells were damaged（Fig.4-H）.The pathogen primarily affected the pollen cells in the anthers and had no obvious infection effects on the other floral organs.Severe infections during this stage would lead to the death of the rice spikelets，and would have significant influences on the fertility and seed-setting rate of rice.