《Table 2–Maximum allowable contamination concentration based on WHO's latest standard version (

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《Recent advances in thin film composites membranes for brackish groundwater treatment with critical focus on Saskatchewan water sources》

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Groundwater resources in Saskatchewan are greatly mineralized and can include chloride，magnesium，sulphate，bicarbonate，carbonate，calcium，and sodium.The amount of dissolved minerals and sort of ions dissolved in the water are mainly dependent on the class of soil and rock which the water passes through.Accordingly the quality of groundwater in Saskatchewan is variable but in general aquifers which located in deep of the ground are likely to have more total solid levels in comparison with the shallow ones.However，shallow aquifers are more open to bacteriological contamination from surface sources and in some cases contaminants such as nitrates can store in the groundwater resources overtime（Pomeroy et al.，2005）.Irrigation water that contains a relatively higher concentration of sodium ions than magnesium and calcium ions may cause reduction in soil permeability and makes the soil not be readily permeable to air and water anymore（Sloan et al.，1991）.Level of the minerals containing in ground water supplies in Saskatchewan has been shown in Table 3（Sloan et al.，1991）.Unfortunately，most of the groundwater sources in Saskatchewan do not fit Canadian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines.Usually they exceed standard guidelines for esthetic factors such as hardness，TDS，levels of iron，and manganese.Of greater concern is the rate the water from domestic wells invades health-related parameters such as nitrate，arsenic，bacteria，uranium，and selenium.Despite the weak quality of groundwater，in most cases the water can meet a satisfactory quality level if it treated.