《Table 4Procedure-related complications.》

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《"Comparison of efficacy and safety of transpancreatic septotomy, needle-knife fistulotomy or both based on biliary cannulation unintentional pancreatic access and papillary morphology"》

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TPS:transpancreatic septotomy；NKF:needle-knife fistulotomy；TPS&NKF:TPS followed by NKF；PEP:postERCP pancreatitis；NS:not significant.a All recorded complications occurred following precutting after the initial ERCP procedure.

The final analysis included 157 patients undergoing precut sphincterotomy in difficult biliary cannulation，113（72.0%）underwent TPS，36（22.9%）underwent NKF and 8（5.1%）underwent TPS&NKF（Fig.2）.The demographics and indications for ERCP are summarized in Table 1 according to the type of precut technique.The three groups were comparable regarding age，sex，indications，previous failed ERCP and potentially patient-and procedurerelated risk factors for post-ERCP complications，except for multiple pancreatic cannulation（P<0.001）.Prophylactic pancreatic stenting was only administered in 5 patients（3.2%），of whom 4（3.5%）in the TPS group and 1（12.5%）in the TPS&NKF group，without significant difference among groups.