《Table 1 Soil mechanical composition》

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《Comparing phreatic evaporation at zero water table depth with water surface evaporation》

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To accurately encapsulate the range of soil textures seen within the Weigan River irrigation district，we filled a series of 54 lysimeters（cross-sectional area，0.3 m2）with six types of soil（gravel，fine sand，sandy loam，light loam，medium loam，and heavy loam）at nine water table depths（0.00，0.25，0.50，0.75，1.00，1.50，2.50，3.50 and 4.50 m）to observe phreatic evaporation（Fig.2）.The mechanical compositions of these six soil types are summarized in Table 1（Lai et al.，2003）.The lysimeters used for these experiments comprise a phreatic evaporation measuring cylinder，a Marriotte bottle，a drainage collector，and a connector（Fig.1）.Cylinders used to control water table depths less than 1.00 m were installed on both sides of the observation gallery，while those used to control water table depths more than 1.00 m were installed around the underground observation room（Fig.2）.A Marriotte bottle system was connected to the soil column in each case to control and record the internal water table and to measure the amount of water supplied to the soil column（Fig.1）.Gravity drainage was recorded by the collector，while the water supplied to each lysimeter from the Marriotte bottle was measured three times a day at08:00，14:00，and 20:00（LST）.Meteorological data were measured at a standard weather station within the experimental area；variables included air and ground temperature，humidity，hours of sunshine，wind speed at 2 m above the ground，rainfall，vapor pressure，and E601.