《Table 7 The analysis of variance in agronomic utilization of nitrogen》

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《Yields and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Rice (Oryza sativa) at Different Sites Using Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates and Controlled-release Urea to Conventional Urea Ratios》

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The sizes of the workforce and cost at the different field sites were very different.To account for these differences，we assumed that the input cost（phosphorus and potassium fertilizers，pesticides，herbicides，planting and transplanting rice seedlings，field management，rice harvesting，and rice drying）were the same for the nitrogen application rates of 105 and 150 kg/hm2at each site.Differences in the output prices would therefore be caused by the difference in the application rate.As shown in Table 8，output for the 150 kg/hm2treatment was 3 078.84 Yuan higher than the output for the 105 kg/hm2treatment.Applying the same principal to the different fertilizer ratio treatments，the outputs for the 70∶30，50∶50，30∶70，and 100∶0 CRU∶U ratio treatments at a nitrogen application rate of 105 kg/hm2were2 097.44，1 631.79，1 235.11，and 981 yuan/hm2higher，respectively，than the output for the 0∶100 CRU∶U ratio treatment.Similarly，the outputs for the 70∶30，50∶50，30∶70，and 100∶0 CRU∶U ratio treatments at a nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm2were 1 685.67，1 418.67，1 135.72，and 477.48 yuan/hm2higher，respectively，than the output for the 0∶100 CRU∶U ratio treatment.Therefore，the 70∶30CRU∶U ratio provided the highest income at both application rates.Increasing the nitrogen application rate decreased the output efficiency because CRU is expensive，so the nitrogen input costs increased.