《Table 3–Effects of sulfur fertilization and high temperature stress on the content of total starch,

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《Effects of sulfur fertilization and short-term high temperature on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins》

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Protein is an important component of wheat grain，and the contents of albumin，globulin，and essential amino acids（Met）affect nutritional quality.Glutelin，gliadin，and non-essential amino acid（Cys）determine dough viscoelasticity，which has strong influence on the processing quality of flour[24].It is possible that the addition of sulfur fertilization increased NR and GS activities and consequently affected grain protein content and flour protein components.The contents of albumin，glutenin，gliadin，Cys，and Met increased with the application of sulfur fertilization（45 kg sulfur ha-1）and with HTS.Gluten is the main component of flour proteins.Gluten proteins include gliadin and glutenin，are the main storage proteins of wheat flour，and directly affect the processing quality of flour[25].In contrast，the non-gluten proteins，albumin and globulin，are mainly structural proteins with high nutritional value，because they are rich in Met and other important amino acids[26].Sulfur fertilization addition and HTS also increased the ratio of glutenin to gliadin in GY2018.The ratio of glutenin to gliadin is one of the important determinants for wheat processing quality traits.The increase in glutenin content and thus，gluten content，can cause sedimentation and stabilization time to increase，resulting in improved flour processing characteristics[14].The flour protein components examined in the present study may be affected by sulfur，HTS，Cys，and Met.Sulfur fertilization can increase content of sulfur-bearing protein Cy，then Cys promotes gluten formation and improve the elasticity of gluten and thereby increase the processing quality of wheat[8，16].Sulfur fertilization can increase content of sulfurbearing protein Met and thereby improve nutritional quality of wheat[6].In our study，the content of Cys and Met increased with the application of sulfur fertilization，and the content of Cys and Met was significantly affected by cultivar，temperature，sulfur fertilization，and cultivar×sulfur fertilization（Table 1）.These results also showed that sulfur fertilization can help to improve the processing quality and nutritional quality of wheat under HTS.However，this study was limited to a pot experiment，and further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of sulfur effects on flour protein components.