《英语转换修辞句法》

Contents1

Introduction1

Chapter Ⅰ Substitution14

[1.1]Alternative use of synonyms14

[1.2]Slight difference between synonyms18

[1.3]Modifiers in the making of synonyms22

[1.4]Contextual synonyms25

[1.5]The Use of Antonyms26

[1.6]Specific words28

[1.7]Some transformational restrictions30

[1.8]Semantic relation of words32

[2.1]Content words in three ranks34

Chapter Ⅱ Rank-shift34

[2.2]Derivatives and rankshift36

[2.3]Slight change after rankshift39

[2.4]Suffixes of demotion42

[2.5]Suffixes of promotion50

[2.6]Nouns from verbs and adjectives57

[2.7]Nominalization of phrasal verbs60

Chapter Ⅲ Combination63

[3.1]Combination defined63

[3.2]Sentence elements63

[3.3]Interchangeability of clause types66

[3.4]The most fundamental of clause71

types71

[3.5]Ten categories of conjunctives72

[3.6]Addition75

[3.7]Contrast82

[3.8]Concession85

[3.9]Condition92

[3.10]Time98

[3.11]Cause,Purpose and Result103

[3.12]Comparison and Others110

[3.13]No relation indicators113

Chapter Ⅳ Embedment116

[4.1]Embedment defined116

[4.2]Postmodification119

[4.3]Clauses as embedded elements125

[4.5]Three postposition modifiers130

[4.4]Multiple Embeddings130

[4.6]Interchangeability of relative words134

[4.7]Transformation of relative clauses136

[4.8]Special relative words137

[4.9]Apposition139

[4.10]Decomposition141

Chapter Ⅴ Condensation149

[5.1]Condensation defined149

[5.2]Clauses into phrases152

[5.3]Nominalization156

[5.4]Relative clauses condensed160

[5.5]Independent element161

[5.6]Special Verbs163

[6.1]Expansion defined173

[6.2]Elliptical sentences173

Chapter Ⅵ Expansion173

[6.3]Laconism175

[6.4]Formulaic Utterances181

[6.5]Signal verbs184

[6.6]Complex object186

[6.7]Double predicate188

[6.8]Nominal Verbs189

Chapter Ⅶ Transposition193

[7.1]Thematic prominence193

[7.2]Partial inversion195

[7.3]Full inversion199

[7.4]Loose and periodic sentences201

[7.5]Exchange of positions204

[7.6]Position of Agent207

[7.7]Experiencer and stimulus209

[7.8]Postponement211

Chapter Ⅷ Reporting218

[8.1]Indirect quotation218

[8.2]Sequence of tenses220

[8.3]Present tense in indirect quotation221

[8.4]Other changes in quotation221

[8.5]Conjunction‘that’223

[8.6]Indirect questions223

[8.7]‘whether’and“if”224

[8.8]Indirect command or request225

[8.9]Indirect exclamations226

[8.10]Reporting Verbs226

[8.11]free Indirect quotation234

Chapter Ⅸ Interpretation of Figures237

[9.1]Interpretation defined237

[9.2]Simile238

[9.3]Metaphor242

[9.4]Complex metaphor247

[9.5]Nominal Verbs250

[9.6]Verbs used metaphorically252

[9.7]Transferred epithet256

[9.8]Personification259

[9.9]Proverbs262

[9.10]Metonymy266

[9.11]Hyperbole270

[9.12]Euphemism274

[9.13]Irony276

[9.14]Parallelism278

[9.15]Exclamation and interrogation280

[9.16]Antithesis281

[9.17]Oxymoron283

[9.18]Paradox286

[9.19]Pun287

[9.20]Zeugma288

Chapter Ⅹ Prosification291

[10.1]Prosification defined291

[10.2]Rhythm303

[10.3]Rhyme305

[10.4]Other poetic peculiarities305

Afterword307

Bibliography309