《新编大学生英语语法 2》

Contents1

Chapter ⅩⅩ The Verb（Ⅸ）The Infinitive1

20.1 General Remarks1

20.2 Functions of the Infinitive2

20.3 The Infinitive Complex12

20.4 Infinitive witb Inter rogative Words14

20.5 The Barc Infinitive14

20.6 Split Inflnitive18

20.7 Aspect and Voice of the Infinitive19

20.8 Infinitive in the Active Form but with a Passive Sense20

Chapter ⅩⅪ The Verb（Ⅹ）The Gerund25

21.1 General Remarks25

21.2 Functions of the Gerund25

21.3 The Gerundial Complex34

21.4 The Perfect Asp？ct and Votce of the Ger-und36

21.5 The Verbal Noun37

22.1 The Present and Past Participle39

Chapter ⅩⅫ The Verb（Ⅺ）The Participle39

22.2 The Predicative Use of the Participle41

22.3 The Attributive Use of the Participial Phrase42

22.4 The Adverbial Use of the Participial45

Phrase45

22.5 Unattached Participial Construction48

22.6 The Ab solute Participjal Construction50

22.7 Particjple Used to Form Part of Complex Object or Compound Predicate52

Chapter ⅩⅩⅢ The Adjective53

22.8 Aspect and Voice53

23.1 General Remarks55

23.2 Adjectives Classified According as They Are Formed55

23.3 Adjectives Classified According to Their Semantic Distinctions and Syntactic Functions59

23.4 Position of the Adjective64

23.5 Formation of Degree of Comparison65

23.6 Use of the Comparative Degree68

23.7 Use of Comparative Degree in Certain Sentence Patterns69

23.8 Use of the Superlative Degree75

23．9 Use of the Positive Degree77

23.10 Use of Positive Degree in Certain Sentence Patterns78

23.11 Substantivization80

Chapter ⅩⅩⅣ The Adverb83

24.1 Classification of Adverbs83

24.2 Formation of Adverbs85

24.3 Functions of the Adverb91

24.4 Positions of Adverbs97

24.5 Comparison of Adverbs101

24.6 Uses of Certain Adverbs102

25.2 Classification of Prepositions108

Chapter ⅩⅩⅤ The Preposition108

25.1 General Remarks108

25.3 Formation of the Prepositional Phrase110

25.4 Functions of the Prepositional Phrase112

25.5 Position of the Preposition117

25.6 Meaning and Use of the Preposition120

25.7 Pr？positions in Collocation with Some Other Parts of Speech147

26.1 General Remark153

26.2 The Subject153

Chapter ⅩⅩⅥ Members of the Sentence153

26.3 The Predicate157

26.4 The Predicative160

26.5 The Object163

26.6 The Attribute168

26.7 The Adverbial175

Chapter ⅩⅩⅦ Independent Elements182

27.1 General Remarks182

27.2 Interjections182

27.4 Parenthetical Expressions183

27.3 Direct Address183

Chapter ⅩⅩⅧ Kinds of Sentences187

28.1 Sentences Classified by Use187

28.2 Sentences Classified by Structure202

Chapter ⅩⅩⅨ Coordinated Structure207

29.1 General Remarks207

29.2 Coordinators211

29.3 Uses of Coordinators212

30.1 General Remarks224

30.2 Noun ClausesInt roduced by Subordinators and Wh-Words224

Chapters ⅩⅩⅩ The Noun Clause224

30.3 Syntactical Functions of Noun Clauses228

30.4 Direct and Indirect Speech235

30.5 Free Direct and Free Indirect Speech244

Chapter ⅩⅩⅪ The Attributive Clause247

31.1 General Remarks247

31.2 Restrictive and Non-restrictive Clauses248

31.3 Choice of Relative Pronouns255

32.1 General Remarks263

Chapter ⅩⅩⅫ The Adverbial Clause263

32.2 Adverbial Clauses of Time266

32.3 Adverbial Clauses of Place272

32.4 Adverbial Clauses ot Cause（or：Reason）273

32.5 Adverbial Clauses of Result276

32.6 Adverbial Clauses of Purpose278

32.7 Adverbial Clauses of Manner281

32.8 Adverbial Clauses of Condition282

32.9 Adverbial Clauses of Concession292

32.10 Adverbial Clauses of Comparison294

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅢ Concord of Number Between Subject and Predicate296

33.1 Grammatical Concord and Notional Con-cord296

33.2 Some General Rules Concerning Concord298

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅣ Negation307

34.1 Negative Sentences………………………………………（307)34.2 General Characteristics of Negative Sentences311

34.3 Scope of Negation………………………………………………（312)34.4 Focus of Negation318

34.5 Transferred Negation321

35.1 Types of Inversion323

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅤ Inversion323

35.2 Inversion Is Obligatory in Some Case324

35.3 Inver sion Used For Emphasis or Rhe-torical Purpose327

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅥ Ellipsis330

36.1 Types of Ellipsis330

36.2 Ellipsis in Simple Sentences336

36.3 Ellipsis in Compound Sentences339

36.4 Ellipsis in Compl？x Sentences343

36.5 Some Special Elliptical Constructions347

Volume350

Appendix Ⅰ Grammatical Terms Used in This350

Appendix Ⅱ．Exercises with Key355

（Ⅰ）Exerises355

Chapter ⅩⅩ The Verb（Ⅸ）The Infinitive（73—76）355

Chapter ⅩⅪ The Verb（Ⅹ）The Gerund（77—80）360

Chapter ⅩⅫ The Verb（Ⅺ）The Participle（81—84）365

Chapter ⅩⅩⅢ The Adjective（85—88）370

Chapter ⅩⅩⅣ The Adverb（89—91）377

Chapter ⅩⅩⅤ The Preposition（92—96）381

Chapter ⅩⅩⅥ Members of the Sentences（97—101）388

Chapter ⅩⅩⅦ Independent Elements（102—104）394

Chapter ⅩⅩⅧ Kinds of Sentences（105—109）396

Chapter ⅩⅩⅨ Coordinated Structure（110—113）400

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩ The Noun Clause（114—117）403

Chapter ⅩⅩⅪ The Attributive Clause（118—121）407

Chapter ⅩⅩⅫ The Adverbial Clause（122—125）411

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅢ Concord（126—127）416

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅣ Negation（128—129）419

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅤ Inversion（130—131421

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅥ Ellipsis（132—134）423

（Ⅰ）Key426

Chapter ⅩⅩ（73—76）426

Chapter ⅩⅪ（77—80）430

Chapter ⅩⅫ（81—84）433

Chapter ⅩⅩⅢ（85—88）436

Chapter ⅩⅩⅣ（89—91）439

Chapter ⅩⅩⅤ（92—96）（94）441

Chapter ⅩⅩⅥ（97—101）445

Chapter ⅩⅩⅦ（102—104）447

Chapter ⅩⅩⅧ（105—109）（107）448

Chapter ⅩⅩⅨ（110—113）453

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩ（114—117）456

Chapter ⅩⅩⅪ（118—121）（119）460

Chapter ⅩⅩⅫ（122—125）462

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅢ（126—127）466

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅣ（128—129）468

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅤ（130—131）470

Chapter ⅩⅩⅩⅥ（132—134）472

BIBLIOGRAPHY475