《商务与经济统计 英文版·第6版》

CONTENTS1

Chapter 11

DATA AND STATISTICS1

Statistics in Practice:Fisons Corporation2

Statistics in Practice:Nevada Occupational Health Clinic2

Statistics in Practice:Business Week2

1.1 Applications in Business and Economics3

1.2 Data5

1.3 Data Sources7

1.4 Descriptive Statistics10

1.5 Statistical Inference and Probability12

Chapter 220

DESCRIPTTVE STATISTICS I: TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL METHODS20

Statistics in Practice:Colgate-Palmolive Company21

2.1 Summarizing Qualitative Data22

2.2 Summarizing Quantitative Data27

2.3 The Role of the Computer36

2.4 Exploratory Data Analysis38

2.5 Crosstabulations and Scatter Diagrams43

Chapter 362

DESCRIPTTVE STATISTICSⅡ: NUMERICAL METHODS62

Statistics in Practice:Barnes Hospital63

3.1 Measures of Location64

3.2 Measures of Dispersion73

3.3 Some Uses of the Mean and the Standard Deviation79

3.4 Exploratory Data Analysis85

3.5 Measures of Association between Two Variables89

3.6 The Role of the Computer97

3.7 Computing Measures of Location and Dispersion for Grouped Data99

Chapter 4116

5.2 Discrete Probability Distributions116

INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY116

Statistics in Practice:Morton International117

4.1 Experiments, the Sample Space, and Counting Rules118

4.2 Assiging Probabilities to Experimental Outcomes124

4.3 Events and Their Probabilities129

4.4 Some Basic Relationships of Probability131

4.5 Conditional Probability138

4.6 Bayes' Theorem146

Chapter 5161

DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS161

Statistics in Practice:Xerox Corporation162

5.1 Random Variables163

5.3 Expected Value and Variance169

5.4 The Binomial Probability Distribution172

5.5 The Poisson Probability Distribution183

5.6 The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution187

Chapter 6197

CONT■■ DISTRIBUTIONS197

Statistics in Practice:Procter Gamble198

6.1 The Uniform Probability Distribution199

6.2 The Normal Probability Distribution204

6.3 Normal Approximation of Binomial Probabilities216

6.4 The Exponential Probability Distribution219

Statistics in Practice:Mead Corporation231

SAM■ ■ DISTRIBUTIONS231

Chapter 7231

7.1 The Electronics Associates Sampling Problem233

7.2 Simple Random Sampling234

7.3 Point Estimation239

7.4 Introduction to Sampling Distributions242

7.5 Sampling Distribution of ■246

7.6 Sampling Distribution of ■257

7.7 Properties of Point Estimators262

7.8 Other Sampling Methods265

INTERYAL ESTIMATION276

Chapter 8276

Statistics in Practice:Dollar General Corporation277

8.1 Interval Estimation of Population Mean: Large-Sample Case278

8.2 Interval Estimation of a Population Mean: Small-Sample Case287

8.3 Determining the Sample Size294

8.4 Interval Estimation of a Population Proportion297

Chapter 9313

HYPOTHESIS TESTING313

Statistics in Practice:Harris Corporation314

9.1 Developing Null and Alternative Hypotheses315

9.2 Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ Errors318

9.3 One-Tailed Tests About a Population Mean: Large-Sample Case320

9.4 Two-Tailed TestS About a Population Mean: Large-Sample CaSe330

9.5 Tests about a Population Mean: Small-Sample Case337

9.6 Tests about a Population Proportion342

9.7 Hypothesis Testing and Decision Making348

9.8 Calculating the Probability of Type Ⅱ Errors349

9.9 Determining the Sample Size for a Hypothesis Test About a Population Mean354

Chapter 10366

STATISTICAL INFERENCE ABORT MEANS AND PROPORTIONS WITH TWO POPULATIONS366

10.1 Estimation of the Difference between the Means of Two Populations: Independent Samples368

10.2 Hypothesis Tests about the Difference between the Means of Two Populations: Independent Samples377

10.3 Inferences about the Difference between the Means of Two Populations:Matched Samples385

10.4 Inferences about the Difference between the Proportions of Two Populations390

Chapter 11402

INFERENCES ABOUT POPULATION VARIANCES402

Statistics in Practice:U.S. General Accounting Office403

11.1 Inferences about a Population Variance404

11.2 Inferences about the Variances of Two Populations413

Chapter 12424

TESTS OF GOODNESS OF FIT AND INDEPENDENCE424

Statistics in Practice:United Way425

12.1 Goodness Of Fit Test: A Multinomial Population426

12.2 Test of Independence: Contingency Tables430

12.3 Goodness of Fit Test: Poisson and Normal Distributions437

Chapter 13450

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN450

Statistics in Practice:Bruke Marketing Services,Inc.451

13.1 An Introduction to Analysis of Variance452

13.2 Analysis of Variance: Testing for the Equality of k Population Means456

13.3 Multiple Comparison Procedures465

13.4 An Introduction to Experimental Design469

13.5 Completely Randomized Designs472

13.6 Randomized Block Design478

13.7 Factorial Experiments484

Chapter 14506

SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION506

Statistics in Practice:Polaroid Corporation507

14.1 The Simple Linear Regression Model508

14.2 The Least Squares Method510

14.3 The Coefficient of Determination519

14.4 Model Assumptions527

14.5 Testing for significance529

14.6 Using the Estimated Regression Equation for Estimation and Prediction537

14.7 Computer Solution of Regression Problems543

14.8 Residual Analysis: Testing Model Assumptions547

14.9 Residual Analysis: Outliers and Influential Observations556

MULTIPLE REGRESSION577

Chapter 15577

Statistics in Practice:Mead Corporation578

15.1 The Multiple Regression Model579

15.2 The Least Squares Method580

15.3 The Multiple Coefficient of Determination588

15.4 Model Assumptions591

15.5 Testing for Significance593

15.6 Using the Estimated Regression Equation for Estimation and Prediction600

15.7 Qualitative Independent Variables602

15.8 Residual Analysis610

Chapter 16630

REGRESSION ANALYSIS: MODEL BUILDING630

Statistics in Practice:Monsanto Company631

16.1 The General Linear Model632

16.2 DetErmining when to Add or Delete Variables646

16.3 First Steps in the Analysis of a Larger Problem651

16.4 Variable-Selection Procedures655

16.6 Multiple Regression Approach to Analysis of Variance and Experimental Design670

Chapter 17680

INDEX NUMBERS680

Statistics in Practice:U.S. Department of Labor,Bureau of Labor Statistics681

17.2 AggregatE Price Indexes682

17.1 Price Relatives682

17.3 Computing an Aggregate Index from Price Relatives686

17.4 Some Important Price Indexes688

17.5 Deflating a Series by Price Indexes690

17.6 Price Indexes: Other Considerations693

17.7 Quantity Indexes694

Chapter 18699

FORECASTING699

18.1 The Components of a Time Series701

18.2 Using Smoothing Methods in Forecasting705

18.3 Using Trend Projection in Forecasting715

18.4 Using Trend and Seasonal Components in Forecasting721

18.5 Using Regression Analysis in Forecasting731

18.6 Qualitative Approaches to Forecasting733

Chapter 19744

NONPARAMETRIC METHODS744

Statistics in Practice:West Shell Realtors745

19.1 Sign Test746

19.2 Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test753

19.3 Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test758

19.5 Kruskal-Wallis Test766

19.5 Rank Correlation769

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR QUALITY CONTROL779

Chapter 20779

Statistics in Practice:Dow Chemical U.S.A.780

20.1 Statistical Process Control781

20.2 Acceptance Sampling795

Chapter 21809

SAMPLE SURVEY809

Statistics in Practice:Cincinnati Gas Electric Company809

21.1 Terminology Used in Sample Surveys810

21.2 Types of Surveys and Sampling Methods811

21.3 Survey Errors813

21.4 Simple Random Sampling814

21.5 Stratified Simple Random Sampling821

21.6 Cluster Sampling830

21.7 Systematic Sampling837

Chapter 22846

DECISION ANALYSIS846

Statistics in Practice:Ohio Edison Company847

22.1 Structuring the Decision Problem848

22.2 Decision Making with Probabilities851

22.3 Expected Value of Perfect Information855

22.4 Decision Analysis with Sample Information858

22.3 Developing a Decision Strategy860

22.6 Expected Value of Sample Information866

Appendixes A-1878