《商务统计 英文版第2版》

Contents1

1 The essence of statistics for business1

The use of statistics1

Basic terms and concepts2

Statistics for managers3

Schematic overview of the book4

Statistical computer packages6

2 Summarizing data using tables and graphs7

The essence of descriptive tables and graphs in business7

Tables and frequency distributions7

Graphical methods of data presentation10

Use of MINITAB23

Key learning points25

Exercises27

3 Summarizing data numerically29

The essence of descriptive summary measures in business29

Measures of location29

Measures of dispersion38

Use of MINTAB47

Key learning points48

Exercises50

4 Index numbers54

The essence of index numbers in business54

Price index numbers55

Quantity index numbers59

Key learning points63

Exercises64

5 Probability67

The essence of probability in business67

Assigning probabilities68

The rules of probability71

Expectations82

Permutations and combinations82

Key learning points85

Exercises87

6 Probability distributions89

The essence of probability distributions in business89

The binomial distribution90

The Poisson distribution94

The normal distribution100

Use of MINTAB108

Key learning points111

Exercises112

7 Using samples to make estimates115

The essence of statistical inference and estimation in business115 Sampling distributions118

Relationship between sample statistics and population parameters119

Point estimation of the population mean121

The size and measurement of the standard error of the mean122

The probability of error123

Interval estimation of the population mean μ126

The measurement of the standard error of the mean when σ is unknown129

Sampling and the t distribution130

Use of MINITB134

Key learning points135

Exercises136

8 Tests of statistical hypotheses138

The essence of statistical inference and testing hypotheses in business138

The basic principles of hypothesis testing139

Conducting hypothesis tests142

Errors in hypothesis testing: Type I and Type Ⅱ errors147

Extensions of hypothesis testing148

Use of MINITAB155

Key learning points157

Exercises158

9 Tests of goodness-of-fit and independence163

The essence of tests of goodness-of-fit and independence in business163

Goodness-of-fit tests164

Tests of independence171

Use of MINITB175

Key learning points176

Exercises177

10 Simple regression and correlation analysis179

The essence of simple regression and correlation in business179

Simple regression analysis181

Simple correlation analysis190

Extensions of simple regression and correlation analysis194

Use of MINITB195

Key learning points197

Exercises198

The essence of multiple regression and correlation in business200

11 Multiple regression and correlation analysis200

Multiple regression analysis201

Multiple correlation analysis204

Pitfalls and limitahons of multiple regression analysis207

Use of MINITAB208

Key learning points212

Exercises213

12 Analyzing time series data216

The essence of time series analysis in business216

Measurement of trend (T)217

Measurement of seasonal variation (S)220

Measurement of cyclical variation (C)224

Key learning points226

Random variation (R)226

Exercises227

Appendix A Probability distribution tables229

A1 Binomial probability distribution229

A2 Poisson probability distribution237

A3 Standard normal distribution242

A4 t distribution243

A5 x■ distribution244

A6 F distribution246

Appendix B Computer software for statistical analysis250

Appendix C Sources of business and economic Statistics252

Appendix D References for further reading256

Solutions to exercises258

Index265