《diseases of the alimentary tract P411》求取 ⇩
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Chapter Ⅰ The mouth and ?sophagus1
The tongue:coating;lingua nigra;geographical tongue;neurosis;glossitis1
Aphthous stomatitis2
Heartburn;dysphagia4
Achalasia of the cardia5
Chagas'disease11
Diffuse ?sophageal spasm11
?sophagitis13
Strictures of the ?sophagus13
The syndrome of an?mia,glossitis and dysphagia(Plummer-Vinson syndrome)14
?sophageal webs and rings15
The presence of gastric mucosa in the ?sophagus15
Spontaneous rupture of the ?sophagus15
Cancer of the ?sophagus16
Chapter Ⅱ The cardia and hiatus hernia19
Mechanisms preventing reflux at the gastro-?sophageal junction:the anatomy of the hiatus;the intrinsic sphincter of the lower ?sophagus;the angle of entry into the stomach;the position of the cardia;the ?sophagus in animals19
Hiatus hernia22
Hiatus hernia in children;hiatus hernia in pregnancy;hiatus hernia and cardiac isch?mia27
Reflux without hiatus hernia30
The natural history of hiatus hernia31
Other types of diaphragmatic hernia31
Chapter Ⅲ Petic ulcer32
Why does the stomach not digest itself?32
Is decreased resistance of the gastric mucosa of importance?33
The r?le of hydrochloric acid34
Constitutional factors;blood groups and peptic ulcer;the influence of hormones34
Environmental causes:geographical incidence36
A psychomatic disease?37
Noxious substances in food and drink;other possibilities38
Incidence of peptic ulcer;historical;present incidence38
The mechanism of ulcer pain40
The diagnosis of peptic ulcer41
Special clinical problems;chronic gastric ulcer,benign or malignant;giant lesser curve ulcers;peptic ulcer in children;post-bulbar duodenal ulceration;gastric and duodenal ulcer occurring together;pyloric obstruction44
Medical treatment of peptic ulcer51
The conservative treatment of acute perforated peptic ulcer56
Chapter ⅣConditions associated with peptic ulcer59
Multiple endocrine adenomas59
Hyperparathyroidism60
The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome(ulcerogenic tumour of the pancreas)61
Peptic ulcer and hepatic cirrhosis65
Peptic ulcer and emphysema65
Carcinoid tumours66
Peptic ulcer and coronary artery disease66
Chapter ⅤGastric operations and their metabolic sequel?67
Gastric operations:Partial gastrectomy;vagotomy and a drainage operation;gastro-enterostomy;vagotomy67
Sequel? of partial gastrectomy:The dumping syndrome;bilious vomiting;stomal ulcer;obstructive symptoms after polya gastrectomy72
Cancer in the gastric remnant75
Loss of weight75
Pulmonary tuberculosis76
Mechanisms causing malnutrition:altered kinetics;the r?le of the pancreas;poor mixing of food and enzymes;the blind loop syndrome from a stagnant afferent loop;the jejunal mucosa77
An?mia after gastric resection:due to iron deficiency;megaloblastic an?mia81
Chapter ⅥGastritis and other local conditions84
Gastritis84
Acute gastritis85
Acute"erosive"gastritis86
Chronic gastritis87
Gastritis and peptic ulcer;gastritis and gastric cancer;gastritis and an?mia;gastritis and alcohol;irradiation gastritis88
Giant rugoe(Menetrier's disease;giant hypertrophic gastritis)90
Gastric atrophy90
Stress ulcers91
Neurogenic peptic ulceration;acute peptic ulcers due to burns94
Gastric polyps96
Primary pyloric hypertrophy in adults96
Gastric stasis from medical causes97
Duodenal diverticula97
Duodenal stasis(ileus or obstruction)98
Prolapse of the gastric mucosa98
Syphilis99
Chapter ⅦGastric cancer100
Cancer of the stomach:hereditary;blood groups and cancer of the stomach100
Environmental causes;soil and geology;food and drink101
Local factors;malignant change of a simple gastric ulcer;gastric polyps;gastritis and gastric cancer102
Symptoms;signs;diagnosis105
Surgery109
Chapter ⅧGastrointestinal h?morrhage111
H?matemesis and mel?na:immediate treatment;early diagnosis;differential diagnosis;indications for surgery111
"Blind gastrectomy"115
Prognosis of gastro-intestinal h?morrhage116
Bleeding from unusual or rare causes:the Mallory-Weiss syndrome;blood dyscrasias;vascular disease;Henoch-Schonlein purpura;pseudoxanthoma elasticum;hereditary telangiectasia;?sophageal and gastric varices117
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin123
Chapter ⅨProblems associated with dyspepsia124
Food and digestion124
?rophagy125
Nervous dyspepsia127
Anorexia nervosa128
χ-ray negative dyspepsia(non-ulcer dyspepsia)129
Chapter ⅩThe gall-bladder and pancreas131
Incidence of gall-stones131
Biliary colic131
Acute cholecystitis132
Chronic cholecystitis132
Motility disturbances of the biliary tract133
Pancreatitis:?tiology;associated factors134
Acute pancreatitis136
Chronic pancreatitis138
Associated diseases:hyperparathyroidism;hyperlip?mia141
Cancer of the pancreas142
Chapter ⅪVarious gastrointestinal problems143
The adverse effects of drugs;aspirin;phenylbutazone(butazolidin);corticosteroid therapy;antibiotics143
Smoking and the alimentary tract148
The effect of irradiation148
Gastrointestinal allergy149
An?mia and the alimentary tract:due to iron deficiency;the r?le of achlorhydria;the macrocytic an?mias149
Potassium deficiency in gastrointestinal disorders154
Magnesium deficiency157
Appendicitis:acute appendicitis;appendicular colic;mucoc?le157
Appendicitis in children160
Appendicitis during pregnancy160
Chronic pain in the right iliac fossa of undetermined origin—"chronic appendicitis"161
Peritoneal adhesions162
Constipation162
Self-induced diarrh?a165
Intestinal gas165
Bacterial infections of the alimentary tract:dysentery;food poisoning;cholera166
Chapter ⅫSome rare gastrointestinal disorders171
Protein-losing gastro-enteropathy(exudative enteropathy)171
Hereditary multiple polyposis syndromes:the Peutz-Jegherssyndrome;multiple polyposis of the colon;intestinal polyposis withosteomas and soft tissue tumours(the Gardner syndrome)173
Pneumatosis intestinalis(pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis)175
Spontaneous rupture of viscera177
Acute idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis177
Pseudo-membranous enterocolitis178
Chapter ⅩⅢSteatorrh?a180
The small intestine and its functions;radiology of the smallintestine;intestinal biopsy180
Idiopathic steatorrh?a(non-tropical sprue;primary malabsorptionsyndrome;gluten-induced enteropathy;adult c?lic disease)186
Nutritional and metabolic consequences of idiopathic steatorrh?a:An?mia;h?morrhage;water and electrolyte disturbances;malignancy due to idiopathic steatorrh?a?;hypoprotein?mia;bone disease;neurologicalmanifestations199
The r?le of gluten205
Mechanisms causing malabsorption210
Bacteria in the small bowel210
Treatment by the gluten-free diet and other measures211
Gross pathological changes215
Prognosis216
C?liac disease217
Giardia lamblia218
Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas(mucoviscidosis)219
Acanthocytosis(α-β-lipoprotein?mia)219
Tropical sprue221
Whipple's disease224
Other conditions causing steatorrh?a:drugs;gastrointestinal infectionand infestation;irradiation of the small bowel;intestinalhurry;hypogammaglobulin?mia;congestive cardiac failure;disease of theliver;enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes;mesenteric arteriosclerosis228
Chapter ⅩⅣThe"blind loop"syndrome and other disorders of the smallintestine230
Stagnant loop syndromes in man232
Diverticulosis of the small intestine233
Gastro-jejuno-colic fistula234
Resection of the small intestine236
Meckel's diverticulum238
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction239
Vascular lesions of the small bowel and their sequeloe240
Primary non-specific ulcers of the small intestine243
Neoplasms of the small intestine243
Carcinoid tumours(argentaffinoma)244
Chapter ⅩⅤCrohn's disease(regional)251
Crohn's disease in other sites256
Complications of Crohn's disease263
Treatment and prognosis265
Crohn's disease in childhood268
Crohn's disease in pregnancy268
Cancer in Crohn's disease268
Chapter ⅩⅥUlcerative colitis270
Topographical types:proctosigmoiditis;proctitis;ulcerative colitis ofthe whole colon275
Ileocolitis276
Acute segmental colitis277
Acute fulminant ulcerative colitis278
Acute dilatation of the colon279
Ulcerative colitis in children281
Ulcerative colitis and pregnancy282
Local complications288
Ulcerative colitis and cancer289
Systemic complications290
Ulcerative colitis and diverticulitis295
Medical treatment of ulcerative colitis295
Indications for surgery in ulcerative colitis300
Ileostomy301
Total colectomy and ileo-rectal anastamosis303
Chapter ⅩⅦDisorders of the colon304
Irritable colon304
Nervous diarrhɑa306
Proctalgia fugax307
Polyps of the large bowel307
Cancer of the colon308
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the colon309
Cancer and diverticulitis312
Lymphogranuloma venereum313
Megacolon and Hirschsprung's disease313
Amɑbiasis316
Endometriosis of the colon321
Chapter ⅩⅧGastrointestinal tract involvement in some systemicdiseases322
Metabolic disorders:diabetes mellitus;porphyria;urɑmia322
"Collagen"disorders:polyarteritis nodosa;systemic lupuserythematosus;dermatomyositis(polymyositis);progressive systemicsclerosis(scleroderma)326
Granulomas:sarcoidosis;abdominal tuberculosis;actinomycosis;Wegener'sgranuloma330
Other conditions:leukamia;amyloidosis332
Appendix ⅠMeasurements of the secretion of hydrochloric acid335
The control of variable factors;the stimulus to gastricsecretion;estimation of hydro-chloric acid335
Definition of achlorhydria337
Selection of a suitable test for measuring gastric acidity337
The augmented histamine test339
24-hour gastric analysis341
Measurement of 12-hour nocturnal secretion341
Tubeless gastric analysis342
The insulin hypoglyc?mia test343
Appendix ⅡThe absorption of radioactive Vitamin B12344
Appendix ⅢJejunal biopsy by the oral route346
Appendix ⅣThe D-xylose excretion test349
Appendix ⅤTests to detect either defective absorption or deficiencyof folic acid350
The FIGLU test351
Appendix ⅥThe estimation of f?cal fat352
Appendix ⅦOccult blood tests353
Appendix ⅧF?cal blood loss measured by radioactive chromium354
Appendix ⅨPeritoneoscopy355
Appendix ⅩThe"radio pill"356
Appendix ⅪThe gluten-free diet357
References361
Index397
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