《THE CHALLENGES OF ETHNOBIOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY》

Part Ⅰ．Ethnobiology in General1

1．Whose Knowledge and Whose Resources?Ethnobotanists as Brokers between Two WorldsA.B.Cunningham1

2．Ethnobiology and Ethnodevelopment:Importance of Traditional Knowledge and Traditional PeoplesDarrell A.Posey7

3．Memory Banking of Indigenous Technology of Local Farmers Associated with Traditional Crop Varieties:Focus on Sweet PotatoVirginia D.Nazarea-Sandoval14

4．The Indigenous Knowledge of Ecological Processes among Peasants in Fujian,the People's Republic of ChinaPaul Chandler24

5．Wood Energy Management and Knowledge in Pokhara Area,Western NepalMohan K.Balla,Sukhdev Chaudhary and Thakur B.Karkee33

6．Some Remarks on the Application of Traditional Knowledge in the Rational Utilization of Natural ResourcesNicholos Menzies48

Part Ⅱ．Traditional Knowledge and Use of Biological Resources51

7．Study of Traditional Wild Edible Plants of Dai People in Xishuangbanna,ChinaLi Yanhui,Long Chun-lin and Pei Shengji51

8．Wild Food Plants for Food Security in KenyaChristine H.S.Kabuve64

9．Traditional Knowledge and Use of Biological Resources among the Turkana of Northern KenyaPatrick Maundu67

10．Indigenous Andean Knowledge of Potatoes as Genetic ResourceMaria A.Salas73

11．Indigenous Knowledge of Tree and Forest Resources in the Eastern Nepal TeraiB.P.Subedi79

12．Ethnobotanical Survey of Chinese KonjacLong Chun-lin and Pei Shengji90

13．A Study on Edible Wild Vegetables of Korean in Yanbian,Northeast ChinaYan Zhongkai,Bai Yunpeng,Xu Cuojing,Pan Ning,Piao Zhengji and Li Taiyun95

14．A Preliminary Ethnomycological Study on Wild Edible Mushrooms Consumed by Ethnic Groups in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,ChinaYang Zhuliang100

15．Ferns Used as Food in China:I.An Ethnobotanical PrespectiveYang Si-lin,Pu Hong and Liu Pei-ying104

16．Upland Agriculture Modification of Yunnan,China--Leading to Sustainable Rural DevelopmentGuo Huijun and H.J.Tillmann109

17．A Preliminary Research on the Edible Dye Plant of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionLin Ning115

18．Some Plants Used and Explained by the Mongolians in Arhorchin Banner,Inner Mongolia,ChinaKhasbagan and Imzab118

19．Ethnobotanical Study of Bamboo Resources in Mengsong,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,ChinaWang Kanglin124

20．The Present Condition and Prospect of Ethnobotany in Xinjiang,ChinaYang Ge and Li Yinfang129

21．Preliminary Study of Wild Fruits of Hani in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province of ChinaChen Jin and Tao Guoda134

22．Studies on Pueraria wallichii,A Useful Plant of Hani Nationality in Mojiang County,Yunnan,ChinaLu Fuji and Yuan Jie140

23．A Preliminary Study of Traditional Agroforestry by Dai People in XishuangbannaZou Shouqing142

24．Studies and Appraisal of Pigment-Plants of"Five Color-Rice"from Zhuang People in Guangxi,ChinaTao Deding146

Part Ⅲ．Medical Ethnobiology150

25．Ethnobotanical Investigation of Plant Drugs at Local Markets in North-West Yunnan of ChinaPei Shengji,Li Yanhui and Yin Shuze150

26．Testing of Anti-HIV Compounds from Bolivian-Kallawaya Medicinal PlantsJoseph W.Bastien,William Mahler,Manfred G.Reinecke,W.Edward Robinson,Jaime Zalies Asin and Shu Yong-hua170

27．On the Advances of China EthnoherbologyHu Shilin176

28．Studies on Dong Nationality Medicine in Hunan,ChinaLiu Yuheng and Long Chun-lin182

29．Traditional Healing Practice of Gannan Tibetans:Natural Medicine and Its ApplicationsKong Jie and Xia Quan187

30．The Application and Advance of New Analytical Techniques in Study of Medical EthnobotanyChen Zhi-Zhong201

31．Ethnobotanical Study on Traditional Herbal Medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai in Yunnan,ChinaDao Zhiling204

32．A Report on Minority Medicine of Guangxi,ChinaHuang Se-zei210

33．Two Plants Used as both Food and Medicine in Xishuangbanna,ChinaLi Bingjun,Yu Xuejian and Xu Xiukun213

34．The Position and Effect of Dai Medicine in Clinical PracticeLi Chaobin215

35．A Preliminary Study on Medicinal Plants of Korean in Yanbian,Jilin Province,ChinaLi Gang,Jiang Xiaoli,Che Xizhe and Zhao Yitao219

36．Tramil:Applied Research on Traditional Folk Medicine in the CaribbeanL.Robineau226

37．The Exploitation of Medicinal Plant Resources and Ethnopharmacological ResearchesMa Shaobin230

38．Status of Research on Medicinal and Poisonous Plants in ZimbabweS.Mavi237

39．Seeking New Drugs from EthnodrugZeng Yulin242

40．Ethnopharmacology of A Traditional Cultivated Plant,Panax notoginsengZhou Ligang,Zheng Guangzhi and Yang Chongren246

41．The Constituents from Siegesbeckia pubescens and S.orientalis:A Traditional Ethnic Medicine in ChinaXiong Jiang,Ma Yunbao and Xu Yunlong249

42．A Study on the Tibetan Medicine and Pharmacology in Southwest ChinaZhao Zuo-cheng256

43．Study of Ethnopharmacy of Anthocephalus chinensis,A Traditional Herbal Drug Plant of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,ChinaZhongJi-yu,Wang Wenduan and Chen Guiqing259

44．Native Remedies for Child and Women Diseases from Assam in Northeastern IndiaS.K.Bouthakur263

45．A Preliminary Study on the Ethno-medicinal Plants and Their Utilization in Guangxi,ChinaHuang Chang-chun,Zhou Li-na and Chen Xiu-xiang267

46．Homegarden of Medicinal Plants of Tujia Nationality,ChinaWang Wanxian,Liao Boru and Xia Mingqing269

Part Ⅳ．Maintaining Biological and Cultural Diversity272

47．Utilization and Conservation of the Minor Forest Productions in Chinag Mai,ThailandChusie Trisonthi272

48．Transpacific Dooryard Garden ExchangesE.N.Anderson279

49．Homegardens in Agroecosystem of Xishuangbanna,Southwest ChinaLong Chun-lin287

50．Taditional Exploitation of Forest Resources and the State:A Comparison of Borneo and New GuineaChristopher J.Healey310

51．Indigenous Management of the Rattan Resources in the Forest Lands of Mountain Environment:the Hani Pracitce in the Mengsong Area of Yunnan,ChinaChen Sanyang,Pei Shengji and Xu Jianchu321

52．Xishuangbanna Dai's Holy Hills and the Conservation of Plant Species Diversity in Tropical RainforestLiu Hongmao,Xu Zaifu and Tao Guoda327

53．Responsibility,Opportunity and Necessity of Communicating Ethnobiological Knowledge to the General Public TodayJudith Settmidt330

54．The Contribution of Baiyueian to the Development and Utilization of Fiber Plants Used to Make ClothesPeng Shijiang334

55．Ferns Used as Food in China:Ⅱ.Traditional Knowledge and the HistoryYang Si-lin340

56．Ethnobotanical Studies on Northeastern Region of India with Particular Emphasis on Conservation of Biological DiversitySas.Biswas344

57．The Indigenous Agroforestry of the hani People in Mengsong Mountain,Yunnan,S.W.ChinaXu Jianchu351

58．The Maintenance of Ethnic Identity and Culture as A Way to Preserve Ethnic KnowledgeHilda Zimmermann355

59．The Significance of Protecting Sustainable Modes of Production in the Amazon:Spacial and Time Dimensions of Planning in the Tropical Rain ForestClarita Muller-Plantenberg358

60．Forest Resource Management and Local Knowledge:An Overview of Community Forestry Research in NepalDonald A.Messerschmidt367

61．Flower Eating Culture of Xishuangbanna Dai Zu on Gmelina arborea Roxb.Pei Shengji,Wang Chun,Shen Peiqiong and Song Chuande377

62．Desana Ethnobotany:Plants for ArtisantryBerta G.Ribeiro381

63．Folk Classification and Traditional Uses of Mushrooms Consumed by the Mongolian People in Inner Mongolia,ChinaLiu Peigui,Baoyindalai and Wangqingbala402

64．Thai EthnomycologyPannee Dhitaphichit407

65．The Impact of Amerindian Genetic Resources on the Creation,Domestication and Improving Crops in ChinaEnrique,H. Brucher411

Part Ⅴ．Folklore and Ethnobiological Sciences415

66．Space,Time and Their Relations with the Sacred and the ProfaneClarice Novaes da Mota and Jose Flavio Pessoa de Barros415

67．Articles Relevant to the Yunnan Minority Nationalities'Legends Concerning Plants and Their Folk Traditiona Dealing with Religions,Sacrifices and FolkwaysDeng Qiyao428

68．Medicinal Plantlore of Aligarh,indiaMohammad Anis and Muhammad Iqbal431

69．Plants Used in Religiocultural Beliefs of the Tai KhamtisPuspa Gogoi and S.K.Borthakur437

70．Role of Tea in Hani Culture and EconomyYang Wan-zhi444

71．Enlightment from InsectHuang Ju,Wang Tao and Wang Siheng447

72．Transcultural Plants in Mexico's Sierra Tarahumara Ethnobotanical Comparisons among Mestizos and Tarahumara IndiansClaus U.Deimel450

Part Ⅵ．Ethnoagronomy,Ethnozoology,Ethnoentomology,and Ethnoastronomy459

73．Medieval Images of Animals-Graphites in the Caves of Northwest Bulgaria and the Relation of Some of Them with the Religious-Mythological System of the BulgariansMilko N.Asparouhov459

74．Yami EthnoentomologyChristopher K.Starr462

75．Ethnoagronomy and Ethnogastronomy:on Indigenous Typology and Use of Biological ResourcesVirginia D.Nazarea-Sandoval473

76．Rice Ratoon Cropping in Precontemporary Monsoon Asia:A Reconnaissance Study,with Contextual Notes on Sorghum Ratooning and Biennial AgricultureJouke S.Wigboldus486

77．A Traditional Cultivated Plant of the hani People,Xishuangbanna,ChinaChen Jingfeng,Zhang Shenglin,Zhang Xingguo,Liu Peiying and Shu Chengang506

78．Prehistoric Use of Tabacco:A Pathway to Plant Domestication?Joseph C.Winter509

79．Ancient Asia Culture Extended to America from the Yi People's 10 Month Calendar and China's 18 Month Calendar to the Maya's 18 Month Calendar of MexicoLiu Yao-han525

80．The Role of Indigenous Andean Weather Forecasting in Peruvian High Mountain AgricultureHermann J.Tillmann529

81．Farmers'Indigenous Knowledge of Sweet Potato Production and Utilization in Northern PhilippinesRosana P.Mula536

Author Index548