《ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN A NUTSHELL SECOND EDITION》

Chapter 1.Control of Environmental Decisionmaking by Federal Agencies2

A.The Judicial Role in Environmental Law2

1.Standing3

2.Reviewability10

3.Standard of Review12

4.Remedies18

B.The National Environmental Policy Act22

1.Threshold Requirements26

2.Scope and Timing32

3.Content of the EIS44

4.Review on the Merits50

5.Evaluation of NEPA53

Chapter 2.Pollution Control60

A.Common Law Remedies60

B.Regulation Under the Clean Air Act66

1.Structure of the Clean Air Act68

2.Consideration of Economic and Tech-nological Feasibility75

a.New Motor Vehicles76

b.Existing Stationary Sources78

c.New Stationary Sources88

B.Regulation Under the Clean Air Act— Continued92

3.Offsets and Bubbles92

C.Regulation Under the Clean Water Act98

1.Structure of the Clean Water Act100

2.Consideration of Economic and Tech-nological Feasibility108

a.BPT108

b.BCT111

c.BAT113

d.Standards of Performance for New Sources115

D.Economic Incentives For Environmental Protection116

1. Effluent Charges and Noncompliance Penalties119

2. Marketable Discharge Permits124

Chapter 3.Control of Toxic Substances129

A.The Problem of Scientific Uncertainty129

1. Lower Court Decisions129

2. Supreme Court Decisions136

B.The Regulatory Scheme146

1. Pesticide Regulation146

2. Toxic Chemicals Under the General Pollution Statutes151

3. The Toxic Substances Control Act （TSCA）157

4. The Resource Conservation and Re-covery Act （RCRA）162

B.The Regulatory Scheme—Continued169

5.The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Lia- bility Act （CERCLA）169

a.Structure of the Act169

b.Implementing Cleanups172

c.Liability of Responsible Parties174

d.Right of Contribution183

e.Measure of Damages184

f.Settlements186

C.State Regulation and Federal Bankruptcy Law187

D.Common Law Remedies192

Chapter 4.Federalism and the Environment200

A.Scope of Federal Power200

1.The Commerce Power201

2.Other Federal Powers206

B.Commerce Clause Restrictions on State Power211

1.Discriminatory Legislation212

2.Proprietary Activities214

3.Balancing Test215

C.Federal Preemption217

Chapter 5.Energy Policy and the Environment229

A.Nuclear Energy229

1.Plant Safety and Siting230

2.Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Dispo-sal242

B.Fossil Fuels255

1. Oil255

a.Onshore Development255

b.Offshore Development258

c.Liability for Spills273

2. Coal277

a.Conversion to Coal277

b.Surface Mining280

c.Protection of the High.Sulfur Coal Mining Industry287

C.Renewable （Solar） Sources and Conserva-tion290

1. Solar Sources290

a.Access to Sunlight and Wind292

b.Interconnection With Utilities294

c.Financing295

2. Conservation296

a.Ratemaking and Conservation Pricing298

b.Cogeneration300

c.Financing302

Chapter 6. Preservation of Natural Areas305

A.Preservation as a Goal305

B.Restrictions on Development of Private Land310

1. The Taking Problem310

2. The Public Trust Doctrine323

3. The Navigational Servitude327

C. The Protection of Public Lands333

1. Public Lands Policy333

2. Executive Withdrawals338

3. Legislative Withdrawals342

4. Prevention of Conflicting Private Uses344

Index349