《THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VOLUME 1》求取 ⇩

1. Human Rights:As a Legal RealityKarel Vasak3

1. First Requirement:A De Jure State4

2. Second Requirement:A Specific Legal Framework6

3. Third Requirement:Effective Guarantees8

2. Historical Foundations of Human Rights and Subsequent DevelopmentsImre Szabo11

1. Human Rights in General11

2. The Emergence of Human Rights at the International Level20

3. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights23

4. The International Covenants on Human Rights28

5. The Implementation of Human Rights34

PART Ⅰ: PRINCIPLES AND NORMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS43

3. Distinguishing Criteria of Human RightsTheodoor C.van Boven43

1. Fundamental Human Rights--Other Human Rights43

2. Civil and Political Rights;Economic,Social and Cultural Rights48

3. Individual Rights;Collective Rights53

4. Fundamental Principles of Human Rights:Self-Determination,Equality and Non-DiscriminationKarl Josef Partsch61

1. Self-Determination62

2. Equality68

3. Non-Discrimination72

5. Survey of the Positive International Law of Human RightsTheodoor C.van Boven87

Introduction:Diversity of Sources87

1. General Instruments89

2. Specific Instruments92

3. Customary Law and General Principles of Law105

4. Decisions of International Organs107

5. Doctrine110

6. Economic,Social and Cultural RightsVladimir Kartashkin111

1. The Right to Work115

2. The Right of Everyone to Just and Favourable Conditions of Work116

3. Trade Union Rights118

4. The Right of Everyone to Social Security,Including Social Insurance120

5. The Right to Protection of and Assistance to the Family,Mothers and Children121

6. The Right to an Adequate Standard of Living122

7. The Right of Everyone to the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health124

8. The Right of Everyone to Education125

9. Cultural Rights127

10. Equality in the Enjoyment of Economic,Social and Cultural Rights130

7. Civil and Political Rights135

1. Problems in the Application and Interpretation of Civil and Political Rights by Frank C.Newman135

2. Analytical Examination of Civil and Political Rights by Karel Vasak142

Conclusions by Frank C.Newman160

8. Principles and Norms of Human Rights Applicable in Emergency Situations:Underdevelopment,Catastrophes and Armed ConflictsStephen P.Marks175

1. Emergency Arising from Economic and Social Conditions as a Whole176

2. Emergency Arising from Force Majeure:Natural Catastrophes186

3. Emergency Arising from the Existence of Internal Disturbances and Armed Conflicts190

4. Comparison Between the Different Types of Conflict Situations in Terms of the Applicable Norms and the Notion of Jus Cogens200

PART Ⅱ: INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS FOR THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS215

9. The Distinguishing Criteria of InstitutionsKarel Vasak215

1. The Task of Human Rights Institutions215

2. The Functions Carried Out by Human Rights Institutions218

3. The Scope of Activity of Human Rights Institutions221

4. The Techniques Used by Institutions for the Protection of Human Rights222

5. The Legal Nature of the Institution226

SUB-PART Ⅰ: UNIVERSAL INSTITUTIONS231

10. The Principal Institutions and Other Bodies Founded Under the CharterEgon Schwelb and Philip Alston231

1. The Principal Organs of the United Nations and the Subsidiary Organs Active in Human Rights Matters Established Under the Charter232

2. Procedures Used and Action Taken by United Nations Organs in Human Rights Matters269

11. United Nations Institutions and Procedures Founded on Conventions on Human Rights and Fundamental FreedomsKamleshwar Das303

General Introduction303

(a). The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination307

(b). International Covenants on Human Rights and Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights330

(c). Other Conventions on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms348

12. The International Labour Organisation (ILO)Nicolas Valticos363

Introduction:The Place of Human Rights in the Constitution and the Various Instruments of the ILO and the Legal Framework for their Protection363

(a). Supervisory Machinery Applicable to All the Conventions and Recommendations368

(b). Special Machinery for the Protection of Freedom of Association381

(c). Special Inquiries and Studies387

(d). Education and Training Measures390

(e). Technical Co-operation and the World Employment Programme390

13. Unesco and Human RightsHanna Saba401

1. Unesco's Normative Activities in the Field of Human Rights402

2. Implementation of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict403

3. The Implementation of the Convention Against Discrimination in Education410

4. Procedures Established by the Executive Board or the General Conference416

14. The Implementation of Humanitarian LawChristian Dominicé427

1. The System of Supervision Instituted by the Geneva Conventions427

2. The Protecting Powers and Their Substitute429

3. The Delegations of the International Committee of the Red Cross439

4. Recent Developments and Appraisal443

SUB-PART Ⅱ: REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS451

15. IntroductionKarel Vasak451

1. The United Nations and Regional Human Rights Institutions451

2. Regional Human Rights Institutions--The Present Position453

3. Human Rights and Regional Integration454

16. The Council of EuropeKarel Vasak457

1. The European Convention on Human Rights458

2. The European Social Charter536

17. The Organization of American States (OAS)Hector Gros Espiell543

1. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights548

2. The American Convention on Human Rights555

3. The Inter-American Commission on Women566

4. The Inter-American Children's Institute567

18. The League of Arab StatesB.Boutros-Ghali575

Introduction:Establishment of the League and Its Relations with the United Nations575

1. The Regional Arab Commission on Human Rights576

2. The Draft Declaration for an Arab Charter of Human Rights579

3. Other Relevant Activities579

19. The Organization of African Unity (OAU)583

1. Human Rights in Africa by Kéba M'Baye583

2. The Place of Human Rights in the Charter of the Organization of African Unity by Birame Ndiaye601

3. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights616

20. The Socialist Countries and Human RightsVladimir Kartashkin631

1. The Socialist Concept of Human Rights631

2. Co-operation Among Socialist Countries in the Field of Human Rights644

21. Asia and Human RightsHiroko Yamane651

1. Evolution of the Approach to Human Rights Problems653

2. Various Views and Types of Action for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Asia:Old and New661

3. Possibilities of Regional Co-operation for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Asia663

22. Toward a Specific International Human Rights LawKarel Vasak671

Annex Ⅰ. Chart of Ratification,back pocket684

Annex Ⅱ. Figures684

1. Comparative Schema of the Implementation Machinery of the European Convention and the American Convention on Human Rights684

2. Schema of the Implementation Machinery of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights685

3. Comparative Schema of the Implementation Machinery of the European Social Charter and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights686

Annex Ⅲ. Selected Bibliography on International Human Rights Law687

Index of International Instruments739

General Index743