《DIGEST OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOLUME 8》

CHAPTER ⅩⅪ1

NATIONALITY1

Various Concepts of Nationality （1）1

Corporate Nationality （2）17

Protected Persons （3）22

As a Human Right （4）30

Local Law and International Law Aspects （5）32

Proof of Nationality （6）43

Determination of Nationality （7）48

Dual or Multiple Nationality （8）64

Statelessness （9）84

Denationalization （10）98

Expatriation and Renunciation （11）99

Effect of Military Occupation on Nationality （12）101

Eddect of Transfer of Territory on Nationality （13）104

Acquisition of Nationality113

Constitution and Laws of United States （14）113

Particular Areas （15）115

Original Acquisition119

Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis （16）119

Formal Naturalization （17）127

Derivative Naturalization149

Children （18）149

Acquisition Through Marriage （19）152

Collective Naturalization （20）157

Loss of Nationality （21）162

British Nationality Acts， 1948 and 1958 （22）187

CHAPTER ⅩⅫ194

PASSPORTS AND OTHER TRAVEL DOCUMENTS194

Passports194

Nature （1）194

Kinds （2）204

Requirement （3）217

Authority To Issue （4）225

Applications （5）229

Eligibility （6）234

Oath of Allegiance （7）238

Fees （8）242

Validity， Renewal， Amendment （9）244

Verification （10）249

Denial or Restriction of Passport Facilities （11）251

Restrictions on Travel to Specified Countries （12）269

Due Process in Denial of Passport Facilities （13）306

Other Travel Documents， etc.（14）317

Abolition of Passports （15）341

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅢ348

ALIENSP348

Definitions （1）348

Corporations （2）352

Status （3）360

Relation to Local Jurisdiction （4）372

Nondiscrimination （5）376

Civil and Political Rights （6）383

Access to Courts （7）406

Employment （8）423

Social Security， etc.（9）453

Indigent and Insane （10）460

Right To Inherit （11）462

Property Rights （12）487

Taxation （13）507

Military Service （14）540

Immigration573

Exclusion （15）573

Immigration and Immigration Visas （16）581

Registration and Fingerprinting （17）600

Deportation （18）603

Expulsion （19）620

Internment （20）622

Repatriation （21）634

Control of Departure （22）643

Political or Territorial Asylum； Refugees and Displaced Persons（23）660

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅣ697

STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR INJURIES TO ALIENS： DIPLOMATIC PROTEC-TION AND INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS697

International Criteria697

Certain Compilations and Comments （1）697

Denial of Fair Trial （2）706

Denial of Effective Remedy （3）726

Failure To Prevent or Punish （4）738

Failure To Exercise Due Care （5）760

Exhaustion of Local Remedies （6）769

Attribution of Responsibility807

Acts of Officials （7）807

Acts of Individuals （8）815

Acts of Insurgents or Revolutionaries （9）819

Acts of Armed Forces （10）825

Acts of Mobs， etc.（11）830

Acts of “Puppet State” or of Local de Facto Government （12）835

Justification in Defense （13）837

Acts Affecting the Person of the Alien850

Expulsion Cases （14）850

Detention Cases （15）863

Personal Injury Cases （16）885

Death Cases （17）888

STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR INJURIES To ALIENS—Continued906

Acts Affecting Property Rights of the Alien906

Breach of Contract （18）906

The Calvo Clause （19）916

Default on Public Debts and Bonds （20）933

Loss of or Damage to Property （21）969

Regulatory Measures Affecting Property Rights （22）980

Acts Accompanied by Possible Loss or Damage to Third Parties （23）993

Deprivation of Property Rights Without Direct Taking （24）1006

Expropriation or Other Taking1020

Right of State To Take （25）1020

Restrictions on Right To Take1036

Purpose of the Taking （26）1036

Procedure for Execution of the Taking （27）1062

Treaty Provisions （28）1066

Contract and Concession Agreements （29）1071

Duty of State To Compensate （30）1085

Consequence of Illegal Expropriation or Other Taking （31）1136

Damages for Expropriation or Other Taking or Loss of Property1143

Adequate Compensation （32）1143

Prompt Compensation （33）1164

Effective Compensation （34）1183

Interest， Rate of Exchange， Currency， etc.（35）1186

Other Satisfaction （36）1199

Espousal and Settlement of Claim （37）1216

Nationality of Claimant1233

Natural Persons （38）1233

Juridical Persons （39）1269