《Theories Of Surplus Value》

FOREWORD9

A．THE PHYSIOCRATS AND SOME OF THEIR PREDECESSORS AND CONTEMPORARIES13

1．SIR WILLIAM PETTY15

2．CHARLES D＇AVENANT24

3．SIR DUDLEY NORTH AND JOHN LOCKE26

4．DAVID HUME AND JOHN MASSIE34

5．SIR JAMES STEUART40

6．THE GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE PHYSIOCRATIC SYSTEM44

7．TURGOT58

8．THE REPRODUCTION AND CIRCULATION OF THE TOTAL SOCIAL CAPITAL ACCORDING TO QUESNAY＇S TABLEAU ECONOMIQUE67

APPENDIX TO THE TABLEAU ECONOMIQUE73

(1)The First Two Circulation Movements of the Tableau73

(2)The Circulation between Landowner and Farmer74

(3)The Final Movements of Circulation78

(4)The Circulation between Capitalist and Worker81

(5)The Quantity of Money required for Circulation87

(6)Explanation of the Profit on Capital on the Ground that the Worker＇s Wage is advanced before the Commodity is sold97

B．ADAM SMITH AND THE CONCEPT OF PRODUCTIVE LABOUR105

1．HIS DETERMINATION OF VALUE BY LABOUR107

2．THE ORIGIN OF SURPLUS VALUE117

(a)Profit117

(b)Land Rent121

(c)Interest on Capital122

(d)Taxes124

(e)Adam Smith＇s Advance beyond the Physiocrats124

(f)The Exchange of More Labour for Less Labour126

(g)Confusion of Surplus Value with Profit129

3．CAPITAL AND LANDED PROPERTY AS SOURCES OF VALUE134

4．THE ANALYSIS OF PRICE INTO WAGES，PROFIT AND RENT140

5．PRODUCTIVE AND UNPRODUCTIVE LABOUR148

(a)Definition of Productive Labour as Labour which produces Capital148

(b)Definition of Productive Labour as Labour which produces Commodities154

(c)The Polemic against Adam Smith＇s Definition175

(d)Appendix：The Concept of Productive Labour177

C．DAVID RICARDO199

Ⅰ．Surplus Value and Profit201

1．THE STRUCTURE OF RICARDO＇S WORK201

2．RICARDO＇S THEORY OF PROFIT208

(a)Ricardo＇s Conception of Value208

(b)Ricardo＇s Conception of Profit，Rate of Profit，Prices of Production，etc211

(c)Prices of Production and Market Prices245

(i)Ricardo＇s Views245

(ii)Adam Smith＇s Views260

3．RICARDO＇S CONCEPTION OF SURPLUS VALUE283

(a)Surplus Value and Profit283

(b)Quantity of Labour and Value of Labour295

(c)Value of Labour Power and Value of Labour301

(d)Surplus Value305

(e)Relative Surplus Value318

4．THE RATE OF PROFIT329

(a)Amount of Profit and Rate of Profit329

(b)Formation of the General Rate of Profit336

Ⅱ．Accumulation of Capital and Crises343

1．SIMPLE REPRODUCTION343

2．TRANSFORMATION OF REVENUE INTO CAPITAL351

3．TRANSFORMATION OF ACCUMULATED SURPLUS VALUE INTO VARIABLE AND CONSTANT CAPITAL361

4．CRISES368

(a)Causes of Crises368

(b)Overproduction of Commodities and Overabundance of Capital373

(c)Unity of Purchase and Sale，of the Process of Production and the Process of Circulation376

(d)General and Partial Overproduction391

(e)Expansion of Production and Expansion of the Market402

5．ACCUMULATION AND CONSUMPTION415

INDEX429